Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

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Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It involves maintaining balance across these areas, including emotional health, to function well in daily life. Well-being on the other hand is a positive state that individuals and societies experience, influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. It's a resource for daily life, encompassing quality of life and the ability to contribute meaningfully. Focusing on well-being promotes equitable resource distribution, sustainability, and thriving. A society's well-being is reflected in its resilience, capacity for action, and ability to overcome challenges

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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

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For the reconstruction of economic, social, political and cultural aspects of our nation the self-reliance of every village is a pre-requisite condition. The father of the nation mahatma Gandhi always insisted the concept of grama swaraj and believed that the soul of our nation lies in the villages. To realise the dreams of mahatma Gandhi and to achieve the concept of grama swaraj, the parliament had enacted the 73rd constitutional amendment in the year 1993 and there by accorded the constitutional status to the concept of 'Grama Swaraj'. Accordingly a Three-Tier-Panchayati Raj was introduced. The institutions of rural local bodies were accorded constitutional status.

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Significance of 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act - 1992:

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Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education - A Study

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Artificial Intelligence (AI), Higher Education, Opportunities, Challenges.

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The research work is "To focus on the formulation and evolution of the herbal Anti diabetic tablet containing insulin, neem and aloe vera for potential therapeutic application. The tablets were prepared using the suitable excipients by wet granulation method. Preformation study such as bulk density, tapped density and angle of repose were carried out to evaluate the flow properties of the powder blend. The prepared tablets were evaluated for various parameter including hardness, friability disintegration time and dissolution time. The result indicate that all the evaluation parameters were within the acceptable limits as per the standard guidelines. The formulated tablets showed the satisfactory physical characteristics and their suitability for the studies". The study conclude that the formulated herbal tablet possesses promising antidiabetic potential and can be considered as a safe and alternative for diabetes management.

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Introduction, Diabetic, Antidiabetic drug.

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The growing use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics has increased the need for efficient Battery Management Systems (BMS). Lithium-ion batteries are highly sensitive to voltage, current, and temperature variations, which can affect performance, safety, and lifespan. Hence, accurate monitoring and estimation of battery parameters are essential for safe and reliable operation. This project presents the design and development of a real-time Battery Management System for lithium-ion batteries with State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) estimation using the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The system continuously monitors battery voltage, current, and temperature using a voltage sensor, INA219 current sensor, and Dallas DS18B20 temperature sensor interfaced with an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The EKF algorithm is implemented to estimate SOC accurately under dynamic conditions. Compared to conventional methods such as Coulomb counting and voltage-based estimation, EKF reduces errors caused by sensor noise, drift, and nonlinear battery behavior. SOH is determined based on battery capacity degradation, which helps analyze battery aging and health condition. To ensure battery safety, MOSFETs are used to control charging and discharging operations. The system automatically disconnects the battery during abnormal conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage. A DC motor is used as a load to simulate discharge conditions. The measured and estimated parameters are stored in an SQLite database and displayed through a Flask-based web dashboard for real-time monitoring and visualization. Experimental results show that the developed system provides stable SOC and SOH estimation, reliable monitoring, and improved battery safety. The proposed system is cost- effective, scalable, and suitable for battery management applications in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems

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Battery Model, State of Charge, State of Health, Kalman Filter, Battery Management System.

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The Six Sigma methodology, particularly the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach, is a systematic process for continuous improvement in production processes. It focuses on reducing defects, increasing efficiency, and enhancing customer satisfaction. The methodology involves defining the problem, measuring the process, analyzing the data, improving the process, and controlling the results to achieve a state of perfection. Lean Six Sigma integrates these methodologies to address waste and improve productivity. It emphasizes the importance of value stream mapping, process cycle efficiency, and Kaizen initiatives to optimize production processes. The application of Six Sigma in production has been shown to lead to significant improvements in productivity, reduction of manufacturing waste and enhancement of customer satisfaction.

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Six Sigma, Pressure Die Casting, ADC12 Alloy, Quality Improvement, DMAIC.

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Cloud computing has become an essential platform for scalable data storage and remote accessibility. However, outsourcing sensitive information to cloud environments introduces serious security challenges such as unauthorized access, data tampering, lack of transparency, and dependency on cloud service providers. Traditional encryption mechanisms provide only limited protection because data owners must manually manage encryption, access control, and secure sharing operations. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Proxy Re-Encryption based secure cloud data sharing framework integrated with blockchain technology. The proposed architecture introduces a dedicated cryptographic agent named CryptoProxy, which performs delegated re-encryption operations on behalf of the data owner without exposing plaintext information to the cloud service provider. The framework combines Delegated Public-Key Re-Encryption, blockchain-based integrity verification, SHA-256 hashing, and immutable auditing to ensure confidentiality, accountability, and tamper resistance. Smart contracts record all file operations and access events within a private blockchain network, enabling transparent and verifiable auditing. The proposed system minimizes trust dependency on the cloud provider, supports secure multi-user data sharing, and enhances end-to-end confidentiality across the complete cloud data lifecycle. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the framework provides efficient file access management, secure re-encryption, integrity preservation, and scalable cloud governance for modern distributed environments.

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Proxy Re-Encryption, Blockchain, Cloud Security, CryptoProxy, Secure Data Sharing, SHA-256, Cloud Governance.

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Keywords: Madhubani Art, Mithla Painting, Indian Folk Art, Cultural Heritage, Women Empowerment, Traditional Motifs

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This paper examines addiction as a psychological response to betrayal, loneliness, emotional neglect, and isolation in selected novels of Marian Keyes, namely Watermelon, Rachel's Holiday, Anybody Out There, Angels, and The Mystery of Mercy Close. Drawing upon Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory, Attachment Theory, and Jennifer Freyd's Betrayal Trauma Theory, the study explores how emotional instability and fractured intimacy lead the protagonists towards both substance and behavioural addictions. Marian Keyes portrays addiction not merely as a habit, but as an emotional refuge adopted by women struggling with abandonment, insecurity, depression, grief, and shattered trust. The paper argues that the protagonists employ alcohol, drugs, shopping, anti-depressants, and superstitious rituals as coping mechanisms to suppress emotional pain and reclaim temporary emotional stability. However, these addictions gradually intensify their psychological suffering, alienation, and identity crises. Through her emotionally layered narratives, Keyes transforms chick-lit into a serious psychological exploration of trauma, vulnerability, and female emotional survival.

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Marian Keyes, addiction, betrayal trauma, chick-lit, psychosocial development, behavioural addiction, substance abuse, emotional isolation.

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This project presents an integrated IoT-based framework designed to enhance safety and responsiveness in vehicular networks. The system combines multiple functional modules, including traffic signal communication using MQTT, intrusion detection through ultrasonic sensing, simulated GPS data transmission, and manual speed control using a rotary encoder. An ESP32-based architecture enables real-time interaction between infrastructure and the vehicle, supported by both wireless and physical signaling mechanisms. The intrusion detection module ensures collision avoidance, while GPS simulation facilitates testing of location-based services. The overall system demonstrates a reliable and scalable prototype that contributes to the development of intelligent and adaptive transportation environments.

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Intrusion, Detection, GPS Spoofing, collision, System

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