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Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

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  Paper Title: Formulation And Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Herbal Soap

  Author Name(s): Alisha Yunus Shaikh, Pournima D.Jagtap, Kanchan R.Palghadmal, Manoj L.Chaudhari

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5310

  Register Paper ID - 287267

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5310 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 413706 , A.Nagar, 413706 , | Research Area: Pharmacy All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5310
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL HERBAL SOAP

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Pharmacy All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l475-l485

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 172

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The ocimum sanctum ,curcuma longa and other normal fixings to advance skin wellbeing. The cleanser was arranged utilizing incorporating Tulsi ,Curcumin ,Almond oil, Lemon Oil, Coconut Oil, and Cocoglucoside into a Glycerin Cleanser Base and Vitamin E Tablet. The detailing prepare and fixing choice were based on the restorative properties of each component, with a center on antibacterial, anti- inflammatory moisturizing impacts Bacterial skin contaminations are most common among individuals,requiring critical consideration for treatment conjointly for keeping up sound skin. A few herbal plant extricates and their oils were found to have antibacterial movement. The point and objective of the present think about are to define and assess anti-bacterial home grown cleanser utilizing Ocimum Sanctum and Curcuma Longa The simple accessibility of plants and their viability makes a difference producers with cost-effective benefits and with less or no side impacts. The consider centers on creating and assessing an antimicrobial home grown cleanser utilizing Tulsi and Curcumin, both famous for their therapeutic properties. Tulsi offers antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory benefits, whereas Curcumin is known for its powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant impacts. The cleanser was defined using a glycerin base, coordination Tulsi and Curcumin, together with other characteristic fixings and basic oils to upgrade skin wellbeing. The definition experienced comprehensive assessments, including physicochemical parameters such as pH, froth tallness, froth maintenance, dampness substance, The cleanser shown a pH appropriate for skin application, steady froth characteristics


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Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial Properties

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  Paper Title: OPTIMIZING WEB AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS WITH LOTTIE ANIMATION

  Author Name(s): Anamika Manoj

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5309

  Register Paper ID - 287226

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5309 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 670001 , KANNUR, 670001 , | Research Area: Arts All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5309
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5309
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: OPTIMIZING WEB AND MOBILE APPLICATIONS WITH LOTTIE ANIMATION

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Arts All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l455-l474

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 181

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

In today's digital world Mobile apps and websites have important role. Users expect apps and websites to feel fast, smooth and visually engaging and animations have significant role in defining that experience. Lottie is an open-source animation library developed by Airbnb, it allows developers and designers to easily add lightweight and high-quality animations without impacting performance of app. The purpose of study is to explore how Lottie animations impact web and mobile performance from a technical perspective as well as from the perspectives of people who design, build and use them. Three goals guided to research is to explore the technical advantages of using Lottie over conventional animation formats, to understand how developers and designers apply Lottie in real-world projects and to capture how these animations impact their app and web experiences for users. After conducting quantitative analysis, thematic analysis was followed to identify key patterns and insights. According to research, Lottie animations have a strong positive effect on perceived performance by creating interaction feel smoother and interfaces more polished. Developer and Designers liked how easily it was to integrate Lottie animations and how well they worked on cross-platforms. Users also mentioned higher satisfaction and user engagement when Lottie animations were used in a thoughtful way. However, they were some challenges as well, like optimizing files, making sure whether they worked on all devices and the risk of using too many animations. This research provides practical guidance for digital teams aiming to balance aesthetics and performance. It shows that Lottie is not just a technical tool, but as a meaningful contributor to creating a delightful and efficient digital experiences.


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Keywords - Lottie Animations, App Performance, User Experience (UX), Cross-Platform Design, UI Animation Integration, Digital Aesthetics, Animation Optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: School Social Worker in Promoting Inclusive Education

  Author Name(s): Renu Chahal

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5308

  Register Paper ID - 287127

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5308 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i5.287127

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 131301 , Gohana, Sonipat, 131301 , | Research Area: Social Science All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5308
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5308
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT25A5308.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: SCHOOL SOCIAL WORKER IN PROMOTING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i5.287127

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Social Science All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l444-l454

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 254

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

School Social Worker in Promoting Inclusive Education Abstract An inclusive environment provides more opportunities, where all stakeholders (parents, teachers, peer groups, community, and administration) are responsible for overall development, while the special education structure lacks exposure to inclusive relationships and learning. The Indian constitution included clauses that safeguarded the rights of both people with and without disabilities. There are numerous laws and regulations, Mental Health Act of 1987, the Persons with Disabilities Act of 1995, the National Trust Act of 1999, the Rights of Persons with Disability Act 2016 (RPWD 2016), and National Education Policy 2020, all offer guidelines for education, welfare and protect the rights of children with disabilities. Recently, NEP 2020 has placed a strong emphasis on inclusive education in all schools, and for those who face educational obstacles, an outside expert (school social worker/counsellor) should be accessible for advocacy and counseling. A school social worker with expertise in intervention techniques and strategies to deal with the issues. Despite numerous laws and regulations for inclusive education, there are still many obstacles to its implementation. There are chances for improvement, and school social workers can provide essential services to reduce the hurdles of children with disabilities in receiving inclusive education. This paper highlights the role that school social work practices play in advancing inclusive education. Keywords:- school social worker, inclusive education, challenges, implementation, opportunities


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School Social Worker, Inclusive Education, Challenges, Implementation

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  Paper Title: Smart Solar-Powered Dynamic Wireless Charging and Access Control System for Electric Vehicles

  Author Name(s): Syeda Sadia Tabasssum, Umra Fathima, Suha Samreen, Umea Afshan, Mohammad Huzefa

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5307

  Register Paper ID - 287210

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5307 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 560045 , Bangalore, 560045 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5307
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5307
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT25A5307.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: SMART SOLAR-POWERED DYNAMIC WIRELESS CHARGING AND ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l437-l443

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 177

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Abstract-- As the importance of electric cars (EVs) in lowering pollution levels in the environment increases, so does the need for easily accessible, environmentally friendly, and effective charging infrastructure. In order to make EV charging infrastructure more convenient and environmentally friendly, this project installs a solar-powered Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system. The goal is to lessen reliance on the electrical grid by using solar energy harvesting to wirelessly charge electric automobiles. Integrating solar monitoring devices and energy forecasting algorithms is a crucial part of this solution since it maximizes solar power availability and utilization all day long. The device guarantees effective energy conversion in a range of solar circumstances by utilizing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methodologies. Furthermore, to facilitate effective wireless energy transfer from the charging station to the car, resonant inductive coupling is used. A monitoring system that shows energy generation, storage, and transfer parameters in real time is also part of the project. The ultimate goal is to create a clean energy-based, affordable wireless charging prototype that promotes the wider use of EVs by lowering user intervention, increasing dependability, and reducing carbon emissions. This application demonstrates how cutting-edge power transmission technology and renewable energy may be combined to create a sustainable transportation ecology.


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 Keywords

Keywords-- Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Solar energy, Electric vehicles (EVs), utilizing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF BEE KEEPING WITH APIS CERANA IN MAO MANIPUR

  Author Name(s): Dr. DAILI KHOLIA

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5306

  Register Paper ID - 287233

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5306 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 797001 , Kohima, 797001 , | Research Area: Arts1 All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5306
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5306
Published Paper PDF: http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT25A5306.pdf

  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF BEE KEEPING WITH APIS CERANA IN MAO MANIPUR

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Arts1 All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l431-l436

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 210

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

This study explores the indigenous knowledge system and traditional practices of bee keeping among the Mao Naga tribe of Manipur. Rooted in generations of experiential learning and ecological understanding, Mao beekeeping represents a sustainable, cultural embedded livelihood practice. Using qualitative methods, including interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation, the research documents indigenous methods of colony capture, types of hive, Traditional methods of harvesting of beehive products, pest control methods, and the socio-cultural significance of honey and bees. The findings reveal that Mao beekeepers primarily use log hives made from native trees, organic pest deterrent and adhere to traditional taboos and ritual associated with apiculture. It also reveal that majority of beekeeper harvested twice in a year i.e., June/July and again in the month of December and early January and men are responsible for honey harvesting which is mostly carried out at night because during the day the bee has a strong defensive behavior. Despite its ecological and cultural value, the practice faces challenges such as declining bee populations, knowledge erosion among youth, and lack of institutional support. This study was carried out to collect the information regarding the indigenous knowledge and practices of farmers on beekeeping and underscores the importance of recognizing and integrating indigenous knowledge in sustainable beekeeping strategies and calls for policy measures to protect and revitalize these traditional systems in the face of modernization and environmental change.


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 Keywords

Beekeeping, Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous methods, Indigenous bee hive

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: Account Receivables Management: Insights of an Apparel Company

  Author Name(s): Amarvanjitha S

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5305

  Register Paper ID - 286848

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5305 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 614905 , Thanjavur, 614905 , | Research Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5305
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: ACCOUNT RECEIVABLES MANAGEMENT: INSIGHTS OF AN APPAREL COMPANY

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Commerce and Management, MBA All Branch

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l424-l430

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 169

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find the Account receivables management practices. Main aim of this study is to analyse the aging of debtor's, impact of receivables on profitability, evaluate key performance indicators of receivables and identify the cash collection trend. Ratio analysis, trend analysis, aging analysis were done to analyze the account receivables. It is suggested to accelerate the collection by making credit policies strict. As a result, it is found that the variables are negatively correlated, terms related to cash collection were analyzed using charts to know the trend of collection, aging analysis for overdue receivables is also investigated.


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 Keywords

Receivables, Net Profit, Debtor's, Working Capital, Current Assets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: MongoDB: A Modern NoSQL Solution for Scalable Data Management

  Author Name(s): Rimpal Sathe

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5304

  Register Paper ID - 287270

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5304 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 390007 , Vadodara, 390007 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5304
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5304
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: MONGODB: A MODERN NOSQL SOLUTION FOR SCALABLE DATA MANAGEMENT

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l421-l423

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 165

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

MongoDB is a powerful NoSQL database that supports flexible, document-based data storage, making it suitable for modern, high-volume applications. Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB uses JSON-like documents to manage structured, semi-structured, or unstructured data efficiently. Its architecture includes dynamic schemas, horizontal scalability through sharding, and fault tolerance via replica sets. This paper presents an overview of MongoDB's architecture, key features, and its real-world applications, emphasizing its significance in modern software development.


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 Keywords

MongoDB, NoSQL, Document Store, JSON, Replica Sets, Sharding, Scalability, Schema Design, CRUD Operations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition


  Paper Title: Pneumonia Detection Using CNNs And Random Forest Algorithm

  Author Name(s): Najmusher H, Yogitha H T, Sarika A P, Vaishnavi Mugale

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5303

  Register Paper ID - 287084

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5303 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 560045 , Bengaluru, 560045 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5303
Published Paper PDF: download.php?file=IJCRT25A5303
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: PNEUMONIA DETECTION USING CNNS AND RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l413-l420

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 160

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

Pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to ensuring effective treatment and reducing the risk of complications. However, traditional diagnostic methods--including physical examinations, chest X-rays, and laboratory tests--can be limited by variability in interpretation, lack of standardization, and constrained access to skilled radiologists, especially in low-resource settings. To address these challenges, this project introduces a comprehensive and interpretable machine learning (ML) framework designed for the early and accurate detection of pneumonia. Unlike conventional approaches that rely solely on imaging, our framework integrates multisource data, combining radiographic information from chest X-ray images with structured clinical variables (e.g., symptoms, comorbidities, vital signs) and laboratory test results (e.g., blood counts, inflammatory markers).At the core of our system is a deep learning architecture--specifically, a convolutional neural network (CNN)--trained to extract high-level features from chest X-ray images that are indicative of pneumonia-related abnormalities. These image-based features are then fused with non-imaging data and processed through an ensemble learning model, such as a gradient boosting machine (GBM), which is capable of handling heterogeneous data inputs and delivering high predictive performance. To ensure transparency and clinical trustworthiness, the framework incorporates SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which attribute the model's predictions to individual features, allowing healthcare providers to understand the reasoning behind each diagnostic recommendation. This interpretability is essential for fostering adoption in clinical environments, where decision-making must be both data-driven and explainable. The proposed framework is designed to be seamlessly integrated into clinical workflows, acting as a decision support tool that aids physicians in diagnosing pneumonia with greater confidence and speed. By combining the strengths of deep learning, structured data analysis, and model interpretability, this approach has the potential to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize patient management, reduce healthcare costs, and ultimately enhance the quality of care delivered across diverse healthcare settings.


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 Keywords

Pneumonia Detection, Machine Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Chest X-ray Analysis, Healthcare AI, Random Forest Algorithm

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  Paper Title: Design and Parametric Analysis of a CPW-fed Patch Antenna for Very Low Frequency (VLF) Wireless Communication with Nuclear Submarines

  Author Name(s): ANUPAM KUMAR YADAV, SANDEEP SINGH, DR. PAVAN KUMAR SHUKLA, Dr Achyuta Nand Mishra, Dr Vijay Kumar Gupta

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5302

  Register Paper ID - 287189

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5302 and DOI :

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 201306 , GAUTAM BUDDHA NAGAR, 201306 , | Research Area: Science and Technology

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5302
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: DESIGN AND PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF A CPW-FED PATCH ANTENNA FOR VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WITH NUCLEAR SUBMARINES

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) :

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Science and Technology

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l404-l412

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 172

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract


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Patch, dual-band, Ku-band, Nato K-band.

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  Paper Title: Seasonal Variations Of Physico - Chemical Parameters Of Khaji Kotnoor Reservoir Of Kalaburagi District, Karnataka

  Author Name(s): Vinod Kumar Patil, Nagbhushan Reddy, Kanchikeri Sadananda, Shilpa Kalyanrao

  Published Paper ID: - IJCRT25A5301

  Register Paper ID - 287297

  Publisher Journal Name: IJPUBLICATION, IJCRT

  DOI Member ID: 10.6084/m9.doi.one.IJCRT25A5301 and DOI : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i5.287297

  Author Country : Indian Author, India, 585103 , Kalaburagi, 585103 , | Research Area: Life Sciences All

Published Paper URL: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT25A5301
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  Your Paper Publication Details:

  Title: SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PHYSICO - CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KHAJI KOTNOOR RESERVOIR OF KALABURAGI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

 DOI (Digital Object Identifier) : https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i5.287297

 Pubished in Volume: 13  | Issue: 5  | Year: May 2025

 Publisher Name : IJCRT | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

 Subject Area: Life Sciences All

 Author type: Indian Author

 Pubished in Volume: 13

 Issue: 5

 Pages: l395-l403

 Year: May 2025

 Downloads: 249

  E-ISSN Number: 2320-2882

 Abstract

The present study examines the seasonal fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters of the Khaji Kotnoor reservoir, located in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. In aquatic ecosystems, these parameters are crucial indicators of water quality, significantly influencing both ecological health and human usage. The deterioration of water quality is largely attributed to the extensive application of agricultural chemicals like pesticides and fertilizers, along with the discharge of urban waste into water bodies. Consequently, regular monitoring of water quality is essential. This investigation aimed to assess seasonal variations by collecting water samples from four different sites across the reservoir over a one-year period, from January to December 2023. The parameters analysed included atmospheric and water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and sulphate. The study revealed seasonal changes in the concentrations of these parameters, which were then compared with standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Findings indicate that the Water Quality Index (WQI) remains within acceptable limits, making the water suitable for domestic use.


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 Keywords

Khaji kotnoor reservoir , physico- chemical parameters, water quality, season-wise analysis.

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indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer
indexer