Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of online advertisements endorsed by social media influencers, focusing on factors such as influencer credibility, content type, and consumer engagement. Utilizing a purposive sampling method, data were collected from 250 active social media users who regularly interact with influencer content. The findings reveal that younger demographics, particularly those aged 18-30, exhibit higher engagement and trust in influencer-endorsed advertisements. Platforms like Instagram and YouTube are predominant channels for such interactions. Statistical analysis indicates a strong positive correlation between engagement with influencer-endorsed ads and purchase behavior, as well as between content type and advertisement effectiveness. Short-form videos and authentic content formats are more effective in capturing audience attention and driving consumer action. The study underscores the importance for marketers to collaborate with credible influencers and tailor content strategies that resonate with target audiences to enhance the impact of online advertising campaigns.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Influencer Marketing, Social Media Influencers, Online Advertising, Consumer Engagement, Influencer Credibility, Purchase Intentions

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Connectivism, as a theory of learning in the digital age, proposes that learning occurs through the formation of networks that link people, digital tools, and information systems. Originally influenced by connectionist perspectives in neuroscience, connectivism diverges from traditional cognitivist paradigms that model the human brain as a computer. This paper revisits Stephen Downes' articulation of connectivism, contrasting it with neo-cognitivist approaches such as those proposed by Atkinson and Sternberg, which prioritize information processing frameworks. By drawing on synaptic metaphors and integrating concepts from Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this paper argues for a reconceptualization of connectivism that centers non-cognitive, emergent, and environmental interactions as primary in the development of learning networks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Connectivism, Synaptic Learning, Networked Instruction, Self-Determination Theory, Neo-Cognitivism, Stephen Downes, Learning Theory

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The intricate interdependence between power generation and water resources is increasingly acknowledged as a critical sustainability challenge. Thermal power plants, which play a pivotal role in meeting rising global energy demands, consume substantial volumes of water, primarily for cooling, steam production, and emissions control. This reliance on water is being strained by growing scarcity, intensified by climate change and population growth, and is further complicated by the environmental impacts of water withdrawals and discharges. Consequently, the need for improved water management within the power sector has become urgent. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the energy-water nexus, focusing on operational practices in power plants. The diverse applications of water in power generation are detailed, and the water intensity of various technologies is quantified. Environmental impacts such as thermal pollution, hydrological disruptions, aquatic ecosystem damage, chemical contamination, and consumptive losses are critically examined. A wide range of strategies aimed at enhancing water-use efficiency is explored, including advanced cooling technologies (air-cooled, hybrid, and advanced wet systems), water-efficient steam cycles, and cutting-edge wastewater treatment and reuse technologies. Operational best practices such as water audits, leakage detection, and real-time monitoring are also addressed. The influence of policy instruments, regulatory frameworks, and economic incentives on promoting water conservation is analysed to highlight their role in driving sectoral change. Through illustrative case studies drawn from various geographical and technological contexts, successful implementations are showcased, offering replicable best practices. The article concludes by identifying emerging trends, existing research gaps, and future directions, emphasizing the necessity for integrated, sustainable approaches to water and energy resource management.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Water resource management, Power plant operations ,Sustainable energy ,Water-energy nexus, Cooling technologies ,Water efficiency, Environmental impact, Thermal pollution, Water reuse.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In modern VLSI systems, power consumption is a primary concern, particularly for portable and battery-operated devices. Multipliers are essential arithmetic units, often dominating power usage in digital signal processors (DSPs) and embedded systems. This project proposes a low-power multiplier design based on efficient Charge Recovery Logic (CRL) techniques. By recycling and reusing charge during computation, CRL significantly reduces dynamic power dissipation compared to traditional CMOS logic. We design a multiplier using CRL principles and compare its performance in terms of power, area, and delay against conventional CMOS-based multipliers. The proposed approach demonstrates a notable reduction in power usage without compromising computational accuracy.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Develop And Implementation Of Low Power Braun Multiplier Using Efficient Charge Recovery Logic

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The goal of this research is to investigate the relationships that exist between artificial intelligence (AI) and business and societies in smart cities. By analysing 20-25 relevant articles collected through various websites, this article presents the evolution of research on AI in business and societies over time. It aims to provides a classification of scientific research relating to the topic and also to identify the directions of future research. Nowadays, AI has become basic need of everyone whether it's a student or businessman. To understand the concept thoroughly and easily, the article is being divided into two parts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

AI, Business, Smart cities, Technology, Automation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses store, manage, process data, and provide scalability, flexibility and cost effectiveness. However, with the increasing adoption of cloud services, security and privacy concerns have become extremely important. This article examines key challenges by ensuring data security and maintaining user privacy in a cloud environment. The most important topics specified include data protection technologies, access control mechanisms, encryption methods, and secure data exchange practices. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of new technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and security models in improving cloud security. Additionally, it analyzes data protection devices and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA. By assessing the identification of existing solutions and potential weaknesses, this study aims to propose effective strategies to reduce security threats and enhance data protection measures in cloud computing. This result contributes to the development of a more resistant and secure cloud infrastructure for businesses and individual users.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Introduction, Types of cloud, types of cloud computing services, Cloud service provides, advantages of cloud computing, challenges of cloud computing, conclusion

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The retrospective study was carried out in 200 surgical patients of Birat Medical college and Hospital. The patient were admitted in the surgical unit from January 2025 to May 2025 with the symptoms of acute appendicitis. Among 200 patients, 70 underwent open appendectomy and 130 underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. The study was carried out on 9 different parameters, among which laparoscopic procedure was superior in 7 parameters like blood loss (150-200 ml vs 50-100), post-operative pain (moderate to severe vs mild to moderate), Analgesic requirements (higher vs lower), Hospital stay (5-7 vs 2-3 days), return to normal activities (10-14 days vs 5-7 days), surgical site infection (higher vs lower), cosmetic outcome (larger scar vs minimal scar) and complications (higher risk vs lower risk). The difference in outcome (good result) between laparoscopic and open surgery is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Laparoscopic surgery provides better outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Surgical unit, Open surgery, Surgical outcomes, Minimal invasive, Postoperative complication, Laparoscopy, Appendectomy, Surgical site infection, Appendicitis

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The goal of this work was to create chlorpromazine HCl sustained release matrix tablets employing a variety of polymers, including HPMC, MCC, and PVP. Following a number of formulations, the powder combinations' qualities were examined and found to have good compressibility and flow characteristics. Tablets with higher concentrations of HPMC and MCC demonstrated longer drug release for up to 24 hours, according to the in vitro release assays. Modulating the drug release rates was also greatly aided by the tablets' swelling behavior; formulations with larger polymer concentrations created a sustained release profile, whereas those without crosslinking agents released drugs more quickly.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

chlorpromazine, sustained release, HPMC, MCC, drug release.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract This study is an attempt to explore how Google transliteration tool transliterates Arabic to English and the inconsistencies it produces. However, the current article attempts to spotlight on the following question: -What improvements can be made to the tool to enhance its brevity and accuracy through relying on pronunciation? In terms of objectives, the study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of Google Transliteration of Arabic in terms of brevity and accuracy besides investigating the impact of pronunciation on the tool's transliteration output in order to explore areas for improvement in the functionality of this tool. A sample of texts undergo double transliteration from Arabic to English have been collected, transliterated by using the Google Transliteration Tool and according to the new perspective of the researcher, analyzed and then compared in order to scrutinize the number of words that are subject to changing or brevity and accuracy. It is found that according to the researcher new perspective among pronunciations of words, (378) contained errors representing vowel errors. Whilst (82) of all cases misrepresented single consonant. Overall, a high percentage of the tokens contained pronunciation errors that could trigger errors in transliteration. The value of this study stems from its dedication for those who are interested in learning the pronunciation of Arabic and how to speak by using this language. Finally, the study has concluded with a number of recommendations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transliteration, Google Transliteration tool, phonetic approach of transliteration, Modern Standard Arabic

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the face of a growing global value crisis marked by moral degradation, social fragmentation, and spiritual emptiness, education is increasingly being recognized as a powerful tool for value inculcation and holistic human development. This research paper explores the urgency and significance of value-oriented education, especially in the context of teacher training institutions. Drawing upon the frameworks provided by the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the UGC Value Education Framework 2021, the study emphasizes the transformative role of teachers as agents of moral and ethical regeneration in society. Through a comprehensive analysis of policy documents, scholarly literature, and existing pedagogical practices, the paper identifies key strategies and challenges in embedding values within teacher education. The study also offers recommendations for integrating life skills, cultural identity, inclusivity, professional ethics, and humanitarian values into the teacher education curriculum. The findings reaffirm the need for a value-infused approach to teacher preparation that is contextual, experiential, and rooted in both national ethos and global citizenship.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Value Education, Teacher Education, Educational Reforms, Ethics in Education.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition