Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The mode of payment shift from cash to click has led to remarkable success in the Indian economy. There are numerous factors that have been attributed to the success of adopting online payment transactions. In our nation, there are 48.4% females for every 51.6% males. The literacy rate of the country has reached 74.04 percent, where 82.14 percent of men and 65.46 percent of women can read and write. According to the internet usage statistics for January 2024, India recorded a total of 751.5 million users. The rural activities of the 700 million smart-phone users of India exceeded 425 million in January 2023. Statistically, in India, 48.4 percent of the population is female and 51.6 percent is male, although less than 32 percent of women own cell phones, whereas more than 60 percent of men own them. Unified Payment Interface (UPI) has played an important part in the tremendous growth seen in digital payments in India, with transaction numbers increasing from 2,071 crore during FY 2017-18 to over 22,831 crore during FY 2024-25. However, it is difficult to quantify women's participation in transactions through UPI because no data specific to women's usage of UPI services is available to the public. As reported by Aarti Deo, Engineering Director of Google Pay (GPay) in 2023, "Less than 30 percent of users of India's UPI were women." Recently, in 2024, "Only 25 percent of payment users in the country were women, and they comprised even fewer numbers in semi-urban and rural areas," according to Nalin Bansal, Chief of Corporate Business and Key Initiatives at NPCI. The number of UPI users in the country is less than 30 percent female. The present research analyzed the development of cashless transactions in India since their emergence, analyzing the knowledge and use of digital payment systems and the demographic analysis of people involved in the process of cashless acceptance among rural women.

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 Keywords

Cashless transaction, Rural women, Digital payment system, UPI, Digital India ,Government initiative

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Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disorder that commonly affects adolescents and young adults. The limitations and side effects of conventional therapies such as antibiotics and retinoids have encouraged the search for safer, plant-based alternatives. The present study focuses on the development and evolution of a herbal transdermal acne patch incorporating Neolamarckia cadamba leaf extract, known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The work aimed to formulate, optimize, and evaluate a hydrocolloid-based herbal patch capable of providing controlled release and localized treatment of acne lesions. Fresh leaves of N. cadamba were collected, authenticated, and subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids. Various patch prototypes were developed using combinations of polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), along with plasticizers including glycerol and propylene glycol. Formulations were optimized based on physical properties, extract compatibility, adhesion, and drug release behavior. The optimized patch demonstrated satisfactory mechanical strength, flexibility, and sustained release of active compounds for up to 24 hours. In vitro antimicrobial studies against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis revealed significant inhibition zones, confirming the antibacterial potential of the extract. Stability testing under accelerated conditions showed no significant changes in appearance or activity, indicating good formulation stability. A preliminary pilot study on human volunteers demonstrated reduced inflammatory lesion count and improved skin appearance with no major adverse effects. The study concludes that Neolamarckia cadamba-based herbal acne patches offer a promising natural, effective, and patient-friendly alternative for acne management. Future work will focus on standardization of active phytoconstituents, large-scale clinical trials, and commercialization strategies for this innovative herbal transdermal delivery system.

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 Keywords

Herbal acne patch,neolmarckia cadamba,anti-acne activity,herbal formulation,phytochemical screening,antimicrobial study,natural extract.

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This paper presents an intelligent attendance system using RFID and face recognition to improve security and prevent proxy attendance. The system verifies user identity through RFID authentication followed by facial recognition using OpenCV. Attendance is recorded only when both credentials match the stored database. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for educational institutions and office environments.

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 Keywords

RFID, Face Recognition, Biometric Authentication, Access Control

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In recent years, prolonged exposure to digital devices like smartphones, laptops, and LED screens has increased the risk of blue light-induced skin damage, including oxidative stress, premature aging, pigmentation, and loss of elasticity. To address this, the study focuses on formulating and evaluating a herbal blue light protective face serum using Butterfly Pea Flower, Moringa leaf powder, Green Tea, and Rose Hip in a rose-water base with sodium hyaluronate for hydration. The serum was evaluated for appearance, colour, clarity, fragrance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and stability, showing good cosmetic elegance, smooth texture, and stable characteristics. It also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, confirming its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species caused by blue light. Overall, the herbal serum shows strong potential as a safe and effective formulation for protecting skin from blue light damage in daily skincare.

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 Keywords

Blue light; Herbal serum; Antioxidant; Oxidative stress; Photoaging; Natural skincare.

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Malala Yousafzai has been one of the most celebrated figures in the global context, known for her life, activism, and recognition, which have sparked considerable curiosity, especially among Western readers. Two of Malala's co-authored memoirs bearing the main title I am Malala, published in 2013 and 2014 respectively, both exploring her life in Pakistan through her journey of recovering from a deadly attack by the Taliban, have been read and discussed by scholars and critics as a lens to look at the socio-cultural and political realities of South Asia. Both the memoirs written in collaboration with native English-speaking authors and being published by an American publishing company, tell more than a mere life story. The idea of "Paratext", introduced by Gerard Genette, provides a framework to analyse these elements that accompany the main text as the factors which help transform a text into a book. Paratexts do not exist in isolation from the time period or culture in which the text was written, suggesting their broader influence on the development, publication, reception, and circulation of a book. This paper examines the paratextual elements alongside the main text of memoirs to understand the implications of paratext in shaping an understanding of the identity of South Asian women in a global setting, with a focus on how these memoirs negotiate the complex relationship between identity, culture and power through the two selected memoirs by Malala Yousafzai.

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 Keywords

Paratext, memoirs, human rights, title, authorship

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 Abstract

Rice is a cereal grain that is dominantly consumed by more than half of worlds population and is very significant in Indian agricultural economy. Rice is number one, most eat in food globally followed closely by other staples like wheat(in bread ) and maize(corn). Agriculture and allied sectors contribute about 16 to 18% of India's GDP, despite its lower GDP share, the sector employees over more than 40% of the total population. And hence, India is among leading producers and exporters of rice. However, the crop yield as significantly threatened by diseases such as bacterial Blight, brown spots, leaf blasts etc, which can cause potential yield and quality loss if not identified properly. Farmers majorly rely on manual field assessment, which is labour intensive ,time consuming and often could lead to Miss identification and significant economic loss. Recent advancement in fields like machine, learning, deep learning, and hyperspectral imaging has automated data driven approaches that are capable of improving detection, accuracy and efficiency. This study critically examine is more than 10 research works published between 2019 - 2025 covering traditional tools, techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for object detection and imaging techniques. And after a thorough systematic research and evaluation, a detection system was developed to identify rise, disease and help reduce yield loss. After comparatively evaluating the researches, it has indicated that deep learning models consistently demonstrate a superior performance frequently achieving a higher accuracy level more than 95% while hyperspectral and UAV base system offer potential for early stage disease identification despite practical cost constraints. This review identifies existing research gaps and focuses on need for scalable, lightweight and farmer friendly disease detection system to support sustainable farming in India and contribute to global agricultural application.

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Rice Disease Detection, YOLO, Hyperspectral Imaging, UAV, Smart Agriculture, Automation.

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Globally, more than 135 million people die annually as a result of road traffic accidents. Of those fatalities, India experiences more than 155,000 each year.These staggering statistics indicate that the current strategies in place to increase road safety are less in preventing road collisions. The system has been created with one purpose in mind -- to prevent road collisions/accidents before they happen rather than after they occur. This project has brought together experts in two different areas of science: computer science (specifically through machine learning and still-image preprocessing) and electronics & communications engineering (specifically through sensor design, wireless communication, and signal processing). We are engaging in a collaborative effort among these two groups of experts within an entirely new paradigm called transdisciplinary research. The proposed system consists of five layers in its design. At the bottom layer are three sensors, an ultrasonic proximity detection array and a LiDAR, which facilitate non-contact detection of a vehicle's approximate location. The next layer above the sensors is an AI-powered collision prediction engine that can predict possible collisions with vehicles or objects up to several seconds before they would otherwise occur. A vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications module allows for real-time sharing of hazard information between two vehicles; and an automated emergency response interface completes the loop by acting on the information provided by the V2V communications system without waiting for human input. To substantiate the design with empirical evidence, we conducted four case studies of deployed smart safety systems: the Euro NCAP AEB program in Europe, the ITS Connect V2V system in Japan, the IHMCL smart highway pilot in India, and Tesla Autopilot's collision avoidance functions. The collective lessons learned from these four studies were used to inform the technical architecture and policy recommendations of the proposed system. The key outputs of this project include a conceptual system prototype, a multi-dimensional feasibility analysis, and a specific set of recommendations regarding India's road infrastructure and automotive laws/regulations necessary for the successful implementation of smart vehicle safety technologies.

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 Keywords

1. Smart Collision Safety System 2. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) 3. Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication (V2V) 4. Collision Avoidance System 5. Artificial Intelligence (AI) 6. LiDAR Technology 7. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) 8. Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) 9. Sensor Fusion 10. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)

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 Abstract

Abstract-- Fake emails, fake sites and harmful links are now one of the top internet risks to both individuals and businesses. Many users are caught off guard and give away private details like login codes, financing facts or personal records, without realizing it. Firewalls can be big and strong, but they can't stop someone from clicking on something they shouldn't. Introducing PhishScale: not just alerting, but changing the way teams alert from within. It runs quiet drills behind locked digital doors, simulating real attack techniques without real-world risk. Leaders begin practice rounds based on what the team is used to, instead of waiting for the mistakes. Messages come as usual, but these have lessons within them, not harm. Learning occurs quietly after every exchange, shaped by the conduct rather than lectures. No panic, no blame - just a slow improving of gut instincts over time. Building awareness from setup to follow-up, each step is without much attention. Someone clicks on a fake link? The system absorbs this immediately. Then training is delivered afterwards, built just for those caught out. Reports seem automatically, showing exactly where safety efforts work and where they fail. Behind it web tools stay current, Work smoothly when loads get heavy. Testing hazards, lessons, and simple data views--all in one place.

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 Keywords

Keywords-- Phishing Threats, Basic Cybersecurity Awareness, Phishing Simulation, Security Training, Typical Email Security

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 Abstract

Digital health technologies have greatly strengthened modern healthcare by supporting continuous monitoring, early detection of illnesses, and timely interventions. Despite these advancements, many individuals still find it difficult to manage their health on a daily basis due to demanding routines, the rise of lifestyle-related diseases, and limited access to medical services--particularly in rural communities. Consequently, issues such as overlooked symptoms, missed medications, and slow emergency responses continue to persist. To address these challenges, this project introduces a browser-based Smart Health Assistant capable of delivering symptom-based guidance, medication reminders, doctor recommendations, and emergency alerts--without the need for users to install additional applications or devices. The primary aim is to offer a fast, accessible, and user-friendly digital solution that supports individuals in maintaining better everyday health.

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Smart Health Assistant, Symptom Analysis Medication Reminders, Emergency Alerts, Browser-Based Application.

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The utilization of composite materials has been exponential over the years and especially the demand for carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite is increasing rapidly because of their high performance. However, the recycling aspects of these materials proves to be challenging. The aim of our project is to recycle the fibre reinforced polymer composite in a cost-efficient method and to effectively use the recovered fibre in other applications. The project plan is to recover the fibres from two recycling processes - Pyrolysis and Solvolysis, and to pulverize the recovered fibres into fine powder. This powder is to be used as a microfiller in glass fibre reinforced polymer composite to enhance the mechanical properties. The final conclusion is to identify the best recycling method based on the analysis of the mechanical properties. Based on Tensile and Flexural tests, it was found that both the composite laminates with carbon fibre powder microfiller showed better structural properties than GFRP with plain epoxy. However, the carbon powder recovered from solvolysis process showed the best mechanical properties.

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 Keywords

Composite Recycling, Fibre Recovery, Microfiller, Composite Waste Management and Material Reuse.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition