Volume 12 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Seismic retrofitting is essential for strengthening structures against earthquake impacts. This review examines recent advancements in seismic retrofitting techniques, highlighting innovative approaches to enhance the seismic performance of various structures [15]. One notable strategy involves using Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber-reinforced Polymer (PET FRP) to reinforce central columns in underground structures [1]. By increasing the lateral deformation capacity of these columns, PET FRP retrofitting significantly improves the overall seismic resilience of underground structures, as demonstrated through experimental and numerical analyses [1]. Another innovative method employs shear-compressive metal dampers (SCMDs) to repair critically damaged masonry piers [5]. SCMDs demonstrate stable performance and significant energy dissipation, enhancing the ductility and seismic capacity of retrofitted walls, supported by quasi-static tests and seismic behavior analyses [5]. Furthermore, the use of isolation systems with weak restoring forces shows promise for retrofitting historic buildings [13]. These systems integrate devices like elastic sliding bearings and viscous dampers to enhance the seismic performance of timber structures while preserving architectural integrity [13]. Additionally, novel retrofitting systems such as the gapped eccentric steel brace (GESB) and varied yielding cross-section dampers effectively modify existing reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and steel moment-resisting frames (SMRFs), enhancing their strength, stiffness, and ductility [14, 22]. External sub-structure retrofitting methods provide a comprehensive approach to enhancing overall structural seismic performance [22]. By connecting external sub-structures to existing buildings, these methods improve structural-system-level resilience, with ongoing developments focusing on optimization strategies and practical engineering applications [22]. Shaking table tests validate innovative retrofitting approaches, demonstrating significant improvements in structural seismic capacity and damage reduction compared to traditional methods [24]. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into recent advancements in seismic retrofitting techniques, contributing to ongoing efforts to mitigate seismic risks and safeguard communities worldwide.Keywords: Retrofitting for seismic resilience, seismic engineering, structural strengthening, PET FRP reinforcement, metallic dampers, heritage structures, GESB retrofitting, cross-sectional dampening, retrofitting of external sub-structures, frictional damping, shake table experiments.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Retrofitting for seismic resilience, seismic engineering, structural strengthening, PET FRP reinforcement, metallic dampers, heritage structures, GESB retrofitting, cross-sectional dampening, retrofitting of external sub-structures, frictional damping, shake table experiments

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The robot that we have designed maps it's path and detects the presence of explosive components in a particular area

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Operations research might be defined as a scientific approach to decision-making that involves the operations of organizational system. Optimal decisions could be taken depending upon the degree of information decision maker knows in that particular situation (or) about the problem. In most of the real life situations or problems, the degree of information is uncertain and so it is wiser to use fuzzy theory to arrive at the optimal solution for replacement problems. In this paper, the problem of replacement of communication channel is solved using Entropy concepts using Type - 2 Fuzzy sets. The channel through which the information is transmitted would be considered as a hypercube and the replacement of the channel would be decided by the decision maker in the optimal manner using the type-2 fuzzy sets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Operations Research, Fuzzy Set, Decision Theory, Replacement Models, type - 2 Fuzzy sets

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agritourism represents a unique intersection of agriculture and tourism, offering visitors the opportunity to experience rural life firsthand while supporting local economies and preserving cultural heritage. This study provides an in-depth exploration of agritourism in India, examining its historical roots, current landscape, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for future growth. Drawing upon a wide range of sources, including academic literature, government policies, and industry reports, the study highlights the economic, social, and environmental benefits of agritourism while addressing key issues such as infrastructure development, marketing strategies, sustainability, and policy regulation. By analysing case studies from various states in India, the study showcases the diverse offerings and geographical distribution of agritourism destinations across the country. Through a comprehensive review of existing literatures, this study identifies promising avenues for enhancing the agritourism sector in India and emphasizes the importance of collaboration among stakeholders to unlock its full potential. Ultimately, agritourism emerges as a promising avenue for rural development, cultural preservation, and sustainable tourism in India, offering a holistic approach to economic growth and community empowerment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agritourism, Agriculture, Tourism, Rural Life, Local Economies, Cultural Heritage, India, Historical Roots, Opportunities, Challenges, Recommendations, Economic Benefits, Social Benefits, Environmental Benefits, Infrastructure Development, Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Underwater image processing presents unique challenges due to the absorption and scattering of light, which causes color distortion and reduced visibility. This project addresses these issues by employing a comprehensive methodology for underwater image enhancement based on dehazing and color correction, leveraging machine learning (ML) and image processing techniques. The proposed approach begins with an analysis of the uploaded underwater image to determine whether the green or red channel is more dominant. This analysis is conducted using a machine learning model implemented with the Keras framework. Once the dominant color channel is identified, the next step involves compensating for the color distortion. This is achieved through a tailored color correction process designed to adjust the image's color balance effectively. Following color correction, the image undergoes white balancing using the gray world algorithm, which assumes that the average color of an image should be neutral gray and adjusts the colors accordingly to achieve this balance. To further enhance the visibility and contrast of the white-balanced image, global histogram equalization is applied. This technique redistributes the intensities of the image to improve contrast uniformly across the entire image. After histogram equalization, the image is sharpened using the unsharp masking technique. Unsharp masking enhances the edges and fine details of the image, making them more prominent. The final enhancement step involves an average-based fusion of the sharpened image and the contrast-enhanced image. This fusion process integrates the strengths of both images, combining the sharp details with the improved contrast to produce a visually appealing and well-balanced final image. The effectiveness of this methodology is evaluated through a series of experiments on various underwater images. The results demonstrate significant improvements in color accuracy, contrast, and overall visibility. This comprehensive approach not only addresses the common issues associated with underwater imaging but also leverages advanced ML techniques and traditional image processing methods to achieve superior enhancement results. The proposed methodology for underwater image enhancement based on dehazing and color correction offers a robust solution to the challenges posed by underwater environments. By integrating ML-driven analysis with a sequence of carefully chosen image processing techniques, this project provides a reliable and effective framework for enhancing underwater images, making them clearer and more accurate for various applications, including marine biology, underwater exploration, and underwater photography.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Underwater image enhancement, dehazing, color correction, machine learning, Keras, Gray world algorithm, histogram equalization, unsharp masking.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The impact of the Israel Palestine conflict has been getting worse- economically and geographically.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Israel, Palestine, Conflict

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this study was to combine traditional medicinal plants with digestive qualities to create and assess a polyherbal digestive syrup. After making the syrup using extracts of licorice, ginger, fennel, and mint, it was tested pharmacologically, microbiologically, and physicochemically. According to the findings, the polyherbal syrup had a pleasing flavor and scent and good organoleptic qualities. A pH that is within the permitted range, a viscosity that is appropriate for oral administration, and a low moisture content that suggests stability were all revealed by physicochemical examination. The lack of microbial contamination was verified by microbiological testing, guaranteeing the safety of the product. Pharmacological analysis showed that the syrup might improve gastrointestinal motility and lessen indigestion symptoms in animal models. All things considered, the polyherbal digestive syrup appears to have potential as a homeopathic treatment for enhancing digestive health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Herbal digestive syrup , Digestive health , Polyherbal syrup

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This experimental study explores the feasibility of utilizing coir pith residue as a fine aggregate in concrete to enhance its self-curing properties. Self-curing concrete offers numerous advantages, including reduced cracking, improved durability, and decreased water consumption during curing. Coir pith residue, an organic waste material, presents an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fine aggregates. The research involves the preparation of concrete mixtures with varying proportions of coir pith residue as a replacement for traditional fine aggregate. For the aim of internal curing, coir pith is used in place of sand in this project. Water may be retained in coir pith for 30-40 days. Coir pith is utilised in agriculture because of its ability to store water. Therefore, concrete specimens that have had 1%, 3%, and 5% of coir pith added to them are changed, and concrete tests are conducted on them. Extensive laboratory testing is used to assess mechanical qualities including tensile and compressive strength. The outcomes of using coir pith in place of conventional concrete specimens and conventional concrete specimens are compared, and a conclusion is drawn. The goal of the project is to shed light on how well coir pith residue works to improve concrete's capacity for self-curing, supporting environmentally friendly building methods and waste disposal initiatives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Concrete, Self-Curing, Coir Pith Residue, Fine Aggregate, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract - Due to mechanical failure automobiles get stuck at the mid path of their journey. So there is a need to design and develop a system which can sideline the failed automobile. The main aim of our project is to design and development regeneration of energy by using exhaust and utilizes to lifting four wheeler which is helpful to move the car from one place to another place. In this project we are study of the energy generation from thye the exhust of four wheeler and lifiting the car. The main components used in the system are Hydraulic jack, Wiper motor. The 3 D model will be drawn with the help of CATIA V5 R20 software and accordingly calculations are done. After that the components which are required for our project are manufactured and then assembled together. After making the assembly, the testing of model will be carried out. The result and conclusion will be drawn after the testing of the mode.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: Exhaust energy recovery, Thermoelectric generator (TEG), Hydraulic lifting mechanism, Automotive sustainability, Energy efficiency, Waste heat utilization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The history of suppression of women in India is very long. Indian women "have suffered and are suffering discrimination in silence. The quest for individual autonomy over reproductive choices has gathered increasing global attention, solidifying the right to determine parenthood freely and responsibly as a fundamental human right. The concept of "reproductive rights" is firmly rooted in international human rights declarations and firmly connects with women's aspirations in India. For many decades, access to safe and legal abortion and contraception has been a contentious subject, acting as proof of the ongoing fight for women's autonomy over their bodies and responsibility over reproductive decisions. Women have the right to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children. Unsafe abortions are the major leading cause of maternal deaths in India. Researches have shown that half the pregnancies in India are unintended and about a third result in abortion. In general terms, reproductive rights are the rights of individuals to decide whether to reproduce and have reproductive health. Abortion is a highly charged emotional subject which involves some highly controversial and complicated issues of law, medicine and morality. India has made significant progress in the domain of reproductive rights and legal abortion, which is indicated by the backing of constitutional provisions, legislative frameworks, and judicial activism. Based on the findings of Shantilal Shah Committee, the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 was enacted allowing safe and legal abortions, safeguarding women's health and reducing maternal mortality.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Reproductive Right, Reproductive Health, Abortion, Reproductive Autonomy, Women's self-esteem, Maternal mortality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition