Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The retention of customers has become an important objective in the telecommunications industry since high churn rate damages revenue and competition. The ability to forecast who will leave enables the companies to take measures in time to retain them. This study presents an entire machine-learning method to forecast and model churn within a telecom environment. With SQL server, we collected historical information about customers (such as their personal information, service usage, billing, and previous churn). Data cleaning and transformation were undertaken with attention and critical attributes were generated. The predictive tool created was based on a Random Forest model in Python which was capable of identifying probable churners with a high level of accuracy. In conjunction with this, interactive power bi dashboards were developed to display churn trends, customer segments and trends of behavior, thus making decisions informed by data. The model was tested and found to identify key drivers of churn such as the nature of contract, monthly fees and frequency of services usage by customers. It contributed to the increase of customer retention by approximately 5% in three months.

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 Keywords

Customer churn, Machine learning, Random Forest, Power BI, Data analysis, Telecom analytics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Manual preparation of question papers is often repetitive, time consuming and difficult to scale especially when personalization and fairness is required. This paper proposes a dynamic question paper generation system using transformer based natural language processing along with semantic similarity analysis for the automation and improvement of the assessment process. The system is designed to generate multiple choice questions from existing content while taking into consideration topic coverage, difficulty level and cognitive categories based on Bloom's taxonomy. We apply semantic similarity methods to identify and remove duplicate or close questions, to ensure quality and diversity of the generated papers. The system also randomizes the question sets for each student, reducing the repetition and increasing the fairness of the assessments. It also has a performance analysis module which analyses the responses of the students and points out the weaker areas for improvement. The overall approach lessens the manual effort required from educators while supporting more adaptive and data driven assessment practices. The results indicate that the system can generate consistent and reliable question papers with relevance and diversity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dynamic Question Generation, Natural Language Processing, Transformer Models, Semantic Similarity, Bloom's Taxonomy, Automated Assessment, Adaptive Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The intelligent monitoring system and smart assistant using IoT technology and built on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ have been designed and implemented as part of this project. The primary differentiating factor of the proposed system is its ability to monitor the health of the users and detect hazards (such as smoke and gas) in the environment and report while having the ability to avoid obstacles and process images using a camera at the same time. The system is made up of several sensors connected to the embedded computing platform to facilitate the collection of data and the ability to process this data in real time and make decisions. The system can be fully programmed in Python, and because this system is designed to be monitored in real time, the embedded platform is connected to the internet, and a monitoring dashboard is created using the Flask web framework. The dashboard enables the monitoring and control of the other sensors in the system. The system employs a multi-threading architecture to process multiple sensors simultaneously. The system also contains other ready-made systems, such as optical character recognition (OCR), along with voice commands and AI (for user commands) to improve user and system interaction. An emergency situation is defined as the presence of an uncontrolled fire, gas leak, abnormal human activity, or environmental danger. An alarm system such as a buzzer, along with an email notification, can be activated to alert other systems to take control of the situation. The created platform illustrates an affordable, scalable, and intelligent solution that integrates embedded systems, IoT, computer vision, and automation. Experimental data indicate that the system provides reliable, real-time formation of alerts in response to awareness and environment monitoring. Applications of the proposed system include smart home technologies, monitoring of the elderly and health, surveillance systems, assistive devices, research labs, and industrial safety technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: IoT-based Smart Assistant, Raspberry Pi System, Multi-Sensor Monitoring, Computer Vision and OCR, Health and Safety Monitoring, Embedded Systems and Automation, Real-Time IoT Dashboard.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The study examines Faqirullah's perspective on rare string instruments in medieval Indian music, highlighting their structural features, usage, and historical significance. Drawing upon his descriptions alongside contemporaneous sources such as the Ain-i-Akbari, the paper analyzes instruments including the Yantra, Been, Kinnar Been, Surbeen, Rabab, Sarangi, Swarmandal, and Pinaki. Faqirullah adopts a descriptive and practice-oriented approach, documenting variations in construction, string configuration, and performance techniques. His account reflects the evolutionary trajectory of instruments, notably the transformation of the Vina into the Been, Surbeen into the Tanpura, and Ravanahatta into the Sarangi. The study further identifies cross-cultural influences arising from interactions between Indian, Persian, and Arabic musical traditions during the medieval period. By situating these instruments within a broader historical and musicological context, the paper underscores Faqirullah's contribution to the documentation and preservation of rare string instruments in Indian music history.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Faqirullah; Medieval Indian Music; String Instruments; Been; Rabab; Sarangi; Swarmandal; Ain-i-Akbari; Musicology; Instrument Evolution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fractures often result in long-term sequelae despite successful bone union. Complications such as Sandhighata (joint stiffness) and Mamsakshaya (muscle wasting) significantly hinder functional recovery. In Ayurveda, these conditions are recognized as localized Vata-vyadhi (disorders caused by Vata) resulting from prolonged immobilization and trauma. This review explores the therapeutic role of Bala Taila (medicated oil of Sida cordifolia) used in Abhyanga (massage) followed by Bashpa Sweda (steam fomentation). By analyzing classical texts and contemporary research, this paper highlights the synergistic effect of these therapies in restoring Sandhi-chalanatva (joint mobility) and Bala (strength) to the affected limb.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ayurveda, Bala Taila, Abhyanga, Swedana, Post-fracture rehabilitation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Marma science represents one of the most unique anatomical and clinical concepts in Ayurveda. Marma points are vital anatomical locations where structures such as muscles (Mamsa), vessels (Sira), ligaments (Snayu), bones (Asthi), and joints (Sandhi) intersect. These sites are considered physiologically important and clinically vulnerable due to the concentration of vital anatomical components. Among the 107 Marma points described in classical Ayurvedic texts, Parshwasandhi Marma occupies a significant position because of its anatomical location in the thoracolumbar region, which is critical for musculoskeletal stability and trunk biomechanics. Musculoskeletal disorders, particularly low back pain, constitute one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The region corresponding to Parshwasandhi Marma includes important musculoskeletal and neurovascular structures such as the psoas major, quadratus lumborum, thoracolumbar fascia, lumbar vertebrae, and lumbar plexus. Dysfunction in these structures can contribute to chronic low back pain, spinal instability, and impaired movement. The present review aims to explore the anatomical and functional significance of Parshwasandhi Marma with special reference to its role in musculoskeletal health. Classical descriptions from Ayurvedic texts were analyzed and correlated with modern anatomical knowledge to identify the probable structural components associated with this Marma. Understanding the anatomical correlation of Parshwasandhi Marma may provide a scientific basis for the therapeutic application of Marma Chikitsa and other manual therapies in musculoskeletal disorders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marma, Parshwasandhi Marma, Musculoskeletal health, Psoas major, Thoracolumbar junction, Ayurveda anatomy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study assessed the regional performance for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Central Luzon, Philippines, using a convergent mixed-methods research design. Quantitative data were obtained from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) SDG Watch database using the Core Regional SDG Indicators (CoRe-SDGIs) to evaluate and classify SDG performance across selected social goals. A survey was also administered to Provincial, City, and Municipal Planning and Development Officers to measure the extent of mainstreaming of the SDGs into local development plans and strategies. Qualitative and perception-based data from open-ended survey responses were analyzed thematically, while institutional insights from the Department of Economy, Planning, and Development (DEPDev) Regional Office III and the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Regional Office III and PSA Tarlac Provincial Office were used to contextualize findings and support triangulation. Results indicate uneven SDG performance across the region. SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) show improving performance, while SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), and SDG 5 (Gender Equality) remain lagging. Although the extent of SDG mainstreaming into local development plans and strategies is generally moderate to high, integration is largely procedural and compliance oriented. SDG implementation is primarily operationalized through existing sectoral programs, with limited evidence of cross-cutting or transformative interventions. The study identified opportunities related to fiscal support, institutional capacity, political commitment, and partnerships, alongside challenges involving resource constraints, data limitations, and coordination gaps. The findings suggest that SDG localization in Central Luzon remains at a transitional stage, highlighting the need for adaptive, integrated, and transformational governance approaches to achieve sustainable development outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sustainable Development Goals, Regional Performance, SDG Mainstreaming, SDG Localization, Public Administration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Inclusive education is a global priority aimed at ensuring equitable learning for all students, including those with disabilities. Special education teachers are central to implementing inclusive practices, yet their attitudes toward inclusion remain underexplored. This conceptual study synthesizes existing literature to examine the factors influencing special educators' perspectives on inclusion. Drawing from theoretical frameworks and empirical findings, it identifies key variables such as professional preparation, institutional support, personal beliefs, and classroom experience. These elements are analyzed to understand how they shape teachers' readiness to adopt inclusive approaches. The study emphasizes the critical role of teacher attitudes in the success of inclusive education and highlights implications for teacher education, policy development, and future research. By centering the experiences of special educators, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of the human dimensions of inclusion and advocates for more responsive, evidence-based strategies to support effective and sustainable inclusive education practices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Inclusive education, teacher attitudes, special education, conceptual framework, educational policy, professional development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study evaluated the quality of human resource (HR) service delivery in selected cities of Central Luzon by examining client satisfaction across six dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, communication, and efficiency. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were gathered from 380 respondents through a structured survey questionnaire to determine both satisfaction levels and the influence of demographic factors. The results revealed a generally high level of satisfaction, with responsiveness and communication identified as the strongest aspects of service, reflecting positive interpersonal engagement between HR personnel and clients. However, reliability emerged as an area needing improvement, particularly in ensuring accuracy and consistency in service processes. The analysis further showed that educational attainment and occupation significantly influence satisfaction, indicating that expectations tend to increase with professional and educational advancement. These findings suggest that while strong communication practices build trust and satisfaction, achieving higher levels of HR service excellence requires strengthening administrative precision through standardized procedures and system-based quality controls. Overall, the study contributes to a more integrated understanding of HR service delivery by highlighting the need to balance human-centered approaches with efficient and reliable organizational systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

client satisfaction, human resource, service quality, service delivery, HR services

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The evolution of mobile communication networks from 5G to 6G is driven by the growing demand for faster, more reliable, and ubiquitous connectivity. While 5G supports applications such as enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communication, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication, it is not sufficient to meet the advanced requirements of future services .To address these limitations, the Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN) has emerged as a promising architecture that integrates satellite, aerial, and terrestrial networks to provide seamless and wide-area coverage. SAGIN enables unified control, efficient resource management, and improved connectivity across diverse environments .However, several challenges remain, including high latency, limited flexibility, spectrum scarcity, energy consumption, and issues related to mmWave communication. This paper highlights the key features, challenges, and potential technologies for 6G and SAGIN, aiming to support the development of next-generation wireless communication systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sixth Generation (6G) Networks, Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN), Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twins (DT), mmWave Communication.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition