Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Rapid urbanization and increasing demand for food production have made the need for sustainable agriculture practices unavoidable. The concept of vertical farming stands out from among various sustainable agriculture practices, especially if coupled with IoT technology for Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA), which enables resource optimization and optimal plant growth in indoor settings. Concerning the aims of the research paper, it can be stated that the major purpose of this paper will be to develop a vertical farming model through IoT technology using ESP32 microcontroller and the Blynk application. It will be possible to utilize the developed vertical farming system for monitoring the environment with regard to soil moisture, temperature, and moisture levels. Additionally, during the process of monitoring, it will be possible to monitor the pH and conductivity levels of the soil. Furthermore, it will be possible to utilize the pump and grow lights.

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 Keywords

Vertical Farming, IoT agriculture, ESP32, Blynk cloud, automated irrigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Working capital management plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth functioning and financial stability of a business. It involves the efficient management of short-term assets and liabilities such as cash, inventory, receivables, and payables. Effective working capital management helps firms maintain liquidity, improve profitability, and enhance overall performance. This study focuses on a comparative analysis of working capital management practices in manufacturing and service firms in India. The research highlights that manufacturing firms generally require higher working capital due to inventory holding, longer production cycles, and delayed cash inflows. In contrast, service firms operate with lower working capital requirements as they do not maintain inventory and have shorter operating cycles, leading to quicker cash realization. The study is based on secondary data collected from financial statements of selected companies. Tools such as ratio analysis and cash conversion cycle have been used to evaluate efficiency and liquidity. The findings indicate that service firms are more efficient in managing liquidity, while manufacturing firms require better control over inventory and receivables.

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(Keywords: Working Capital Management, Liquidity, Profitability, Manufacturing Firms Service Firms, Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Inventory Management)

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 Abstract

Background: Postural stability depends on the integrity of sensory input and musculoskeletal alignment, with the foot serving as the primary base of support during standing and movement. Flat foot (pes planus) alters plantar pressure distribution and lower-limb biomechanics, potentially influencing balance control. However, evidence regarding its effect on both static and dynamic balance in healthy young adults remains limited. Objective: To assess the impact of flat foot on static and dynamic postural stability in healthy young adults using an instrumented balance platform. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 45 healthy adults aged 18-25 years. Foot posture was assessed using footprint analysis and the Plantar Arch Index. Static and dynamic balance parameters were evaluated using the HUR Balance Master system. Static balance was assessed under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions on stable and unstable surfaces, while dynamic balance was measured using the Limits of Stability (LOS) test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Paired t-tests were used for within-condition comparisons, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationship between plantar arch index and balance parameters. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Participants demonstrated increased postural sway, trace length, and sway velocity under sensory-challenged conditions, particularly during eyes-closed and unstable-surface testing, indicating reduced static balance. Dynamic balance assessment revealed reduced limits of stability, especially in forward and lateral directions. A moderate positive correlation was observed between plantar arch index and sway velocity (r = 0.42), while a negative correlation was found between plantar arch index and forward LOS (r = -0.36), suggesting that lower arch height is associated with poorer balance performance. Conclusion: Healthy young adults with flat foot exhibit impaired static and dynamic postural stability despite the absence of overt pathology. Early identification of altered foot posture may be important for preventing future balance-related dysfunctions and lower-limb injuries.

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Keywords: Flat foot, postural stability, static balance, dynamic balance, plantar arch index, balance platform

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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that necessitates continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels for effective management and early diagnosis. This project presents an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based Diabetes Detection System integrated with advanced sensor technology to enable real-time glucose monitoring and intelligent health analysis. The system employs glucose sensing electrodes to measure sugar concentration levels in the body. The analog signals generated by the sensor are converted into digital form using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for accurate processing. An Arduino UNO microcontroller processes the digitized data and displays the glucose readings on an LCD screen through an I2C communication module. Additionally, a buzzer alert mechanism is incorporated to notify the user when glucose levels exceed predefined threshold limits. The system is powered by a rechargeable Li-ion battery integrated with a Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure stable, safe, and efficient power regulation. To improve diagnostic accuracy and predictive capability, AI algorithms are implemented to analyze glucose trends, identify abnormal patterns, and predict potential diabetic risks. This intelligent and automated approach enhances early detection, supports preventive healthcare strategies, and enables continuous monitoring. The proposed system is portable, cost-effective, and suitable for real-time health monitoring applications, making it a promising solution for early diabetes detection and smart healthcare systems.

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Arduino Uno,sugar level sensor, Battery management system, lithium ion battery

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Purpose: This conceptual paper examines how tokenized governance architectures and NFT-mediate identity systems shape the dynamics of trust formation and collaborative value creation within Web3 brand communities. Research Design: Drawing on Signaling Theory and the integrative model od trust, the paper systemizes extant literature to develop a five-hypothesis conceptual framework. The framework positions perceived transparency as the central mediating mechanism linking governance inputs to community participation outputs. Findings: The framework identifies five theoretically grounded propositions: tokenized governance and NFT signaling each enhance perceived transparency (H1, H2); perceived transparency builds community trust (H3); trust amplifies collaborative participation (H4); and tokenized governance exercises a direct credibility effect on trust, bypassing the transparency pathway (H5). Contribution: The study advances Web3 marketing scholarship by reconceptualizing brand communities as decentralized governance institutions rather than mere engagement platforms, and by foregrounding blockchain infrastructure as a structural substitute for centralized trust intermediaries.

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Web3 Brand Communities, Tokenized Governance, NFT Identity Signalling, Community Trust, Collaborative Value Creation, Blockchain Marketing

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Background: A broad category of lesions originating from tooth-forming tissues, odontogenic cysts and tumors display a variety of biological behaviors and clinicopathological characteristics. Their overlapping radiographic and clinical appearances can make diagnosis difficult. Particularly in tertiary care settings in developing nations, regional epidemiological statistics are crucial for enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment planning. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at a tertiary care centre in Lucknow, India, over a one-year period (2024-2025). A total of 72 histopathologically confirmed cases were included of both odontogenic cyst as well as tumour. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical site and histopathological diagnosis were retrieved and analysed descriptively. Results: Odontogenic tumors were less common than odontogenic cysts. The most prevalent type of cyst was an odontogenic keratocyst, which was followed by dentigerous and radicular cysts. Inflammatory changes were seen in a number of these cases. Odontoma and ameloblastoma were the most common types of tumors. The posterior mandible accounted for the bulk of lesions, which peaked in the third decade of life. Unusual appearances and histological differences that presented diagnostic challenges were examples of rare discoveries. Conclusion: The study highlights the wide spectrum and clinicopathological diversity of odontogenic lesions, with a predominance of cystic lesions over tumours. The identification of rare variants and atypical presentations underscores the importance of thorough histopathological evaluation. Such retrospective analyses contribute to improved diagnostic awareness and support evidence-based management strategies in clinical practice.

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odontogenic cyst, odontogenic tumour, trends and pattern, original article

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid growth of social media platforms and digital communication channels has increased the spread of fake news across the world. False information shared through websites, blogs, and social media applications creates confusion among users and negatively affects society, politics, education, and public health. Manual verification of news articles is time-consuming and difficult due to the large amount of online content generated every day. This research paper presents a Fake News Detection Web Platform that uses Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify whether a news article is real or fake. The proposed system allows users to enter news content through a web interface, after which the system analyzes the text using trained machine learning models. The platform provides accurate and fast predictions with a user-friendly interface. The research also discusses system architecture, methodology, dataset processing, algorithms used, advantages, limitations, and future improvements. The developed platform can help users verify online information and reduce the spread of misinformation.

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Fake News Detection, Machine Learning, NLP, Web Platform, Artificial Intelligence, Text Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) networks marks a transformative milestone in telecommunications, delivering unprecedented speed, ultra-low latency, and the capacity to connect billions of devices simultaneously.

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Computing Risks Edge, Data Privacy, AI-Driven Threat Detection, 5G Networks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"Many language, many creeds, many customs, let there be unity and diversity " LGBTQIA+ is a large fluence spectrum where intersex is a variation in sex characteristics that doesn't go with the definition of ordinary male or female. After birth boys and girls are given a particular colour, like boys for blue and girls for pink, all of that happens. There is also a kind of understood identity which they realise that they are not either of male or female. They are in between.

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Educational status of third gender in West Midnapore

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Abstract: The present study investigates changes in soil nutrient status and physico- chemical characteristics of agricultural lands in a semi -arid region of Maharashtra. Soil samples were collected from fifteen representative survey no. from a depth of 0-15 cm. Key parameters such as soil temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. The soils were found to be clay-rich with moderate to high fertility levels. The findings reveal moderate alkalinity, low to moderate organic carbon levels, and adequate macronutrient availability, suggesting balanced but improvable soil fertility conditions. Spatial variability highlights the need for site-specific soil management strategies.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Soil nutrients, Soil fertility, Nutrient management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition