Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in enhancing soil fertility and plant growth, particularly under drought conditions. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from the rhizosphere and endosphere of Cicer arietinum (chickpea) grown in the Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 36 non-rhizospheric soil samples were collected and analyzed for their physicochemical properties, including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, and macronutrient content (N, P, K). The study identified 62 phosphate-solubilizing bacterial (PSB) isolates based on halo formation on Pikovskaya's agar medium [13]. The isolates were further screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, zinc solubilization, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, ammonia production, siderophore production, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. Eleven bacterial strains exhibited significant drought tolerance when tested under polyethylene glycol (PEG6000)-induced osmotic stress. These isolates demonstrated robust exopolysaccharide production, phosphate and zinc solubilization, and IAA production, highlighting their potential for use as biofertilizers in drought-prone regions. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed their taxonomic identities. The findings of this study provide insights into the potential application of these bacteria in sustainable agriculture for improving soil fertility and plant resilience under water stress conditions.

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 Keywords

Drought stress, Phosphate solubilization, Rhizobacteria, Cicer arietinum, Plant growth-promoting bacteria, Sustainable agriculture.

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Abstract The concept of invisible organs--such as the mind, soul, and consciousness--has long intrigued philosophers, mystics, and scientists alike. This paper examines the comparative impact of two key metaphysical principles--entelechy and intuition--on the function and understanding of these non-physical human faculties. Entelechy, rooted in Aristotelian philosophy, refers to the realization of potential within a being, while intuition pertains to immediate, non-empirical knowledge or insight. The paper critically explores how these principles explain or influence the operations of inner faculties such as will, memory, imagination, and consciousness. Through philosophical analysis and cross-disciplinary perspectives, it argues that while entelechy represents the inner teleology and purpose-driven energy of human existence, intuition functions as a cognitive compass enabling direct awareness and existential orientation. Together, they shape the unseen architecture of the human psyche

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 Keywords

Metaphysics, Philosophy. Invisible Organs.

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In today's day to day life the inculcation of sustainability concepts in school curriculum is essential for preparing pupils with the knowledge and skills that needs to be address in the present global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and biodiversity loss intensify, in the aspects of environmental, social and economic. The objective of this study is to examines innovative pedagogical approaches such as project-based learning, experiential learning, and the use of digital tools that effectively promote sustainability awareness and student engagement. Drawing on literature from databases like Google Scholar, Scopus, and ERIC, the study underscores the value of interdisciplinary and hands-on learning in enhancing sustainability literacy among students. Regardless of their potential, these innovative pedagogies face challenges during implementation process such as having rigid curriculum, insufficient teacher training, and limited resources. The Indian educational policy frameworks provided solid evidence to embedded sustainability into education especially at school level. The National Education Policy (NEP,2020) & National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE, 2023). However, to implement successfully, the systematics reforms are essential. The study results conclude that, the innovative teaching strategies have ample scope to inculcate and foster sustainability in school level education but their effectiveness relay on strong teacher preparation, allocating resources equally and active pupil participation beyond the classroom. The study highlights the ongoing discussion on sustainability education by identifying and offering various pedagogical methods to inculcate sustainability at school level education.

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 Keywords

Sustainability Education, Innovative Pedagogies, Sustainability literacy, Secondary Education.

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The increased need for sustainable construction materials has spurred the demand for new alternatives to conventional concrete ingredients. This study ventures into the partial replacement of cement by nano-silica and coarse aggregate by coconut shell to develop an eco-friendly, cost-efficient concrete mix. Nano-silica, being highly pozzolanic in nature and having a very fine particle size, increases the mechanical strength and sustainability of concrete. Coconut shells, which are agricultural by-product, can serve as a lightweight, eco-friendly, and alternative to coarse aggregates. The purpose of this project is to investigate the workability, compressive strength, and durability properties of nano-silica (e.g., 2%) and coconut shell (e.g., 10%) in concrete. The present research works on the properties of concrete as a green concrete alternative using nano-silica in an eco-friendly aggregate system. In India, coconut shell deposition is around 80,000 tones' annually, which is 6.7% of total agricultural waste. Gravel manufacturing requires crushing, which emits CO2, which is an issue for the environment. Meanwhile, to minimize waste dumping coconut shell can be used effectively as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete. The conventional concrete was fully replaced by Coconut shell coarse aggregate and crushed gravel sand (M sand) as fine aggregate in plain Portland cement. Nano-silica in concrete improve the strength properties of concrete. Additionally, it is an attempt made to develop the concrete by replacing partial cement with Nano sized particles, which meets the various structural properties of concrete like compressive strength and tensile strength. It is expected that the final outcome of the project will positively contribute overall to the application of Nano-silica concrete in civil engineering construction work.

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 Keywords

Nano-silica; Coconut shell; Compressive strength; Impact; Strength; Toughness; Admixture; Workability.

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This research paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource (HR) practices to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and employee satisfaction. It focuses on AI-driven recruitment, performance management, employee engagement, and HR analytics. The study highlights real-world applications, benefits, and potential challenges of implementing AI in HR systems. Findings suggest that AI can significantly transform HR operations, making them more data-driven, strategic, and aligned with organizational goals.

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Artificial Intelligence, Human Resources, Recruitment, Automation, Performance Management, HR Analytics

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize assistive technologies for visually impaired individuals by providing more personalized and efficient support. The development of a Smart Personal AI Assistant for visually impaired people represents a significant advancement in accessible technology, aiming to enhance independence and quality of life through intelligent, user-centric design. This paper explores the development and implementation of AI- driven assistance systems tailored specifically for visually impaired users. These systems utilize advanced AI techniques, including machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing, to deliver enhanced functionalities such as object recognition, navigation guidance, and real-time information retrieval. The system incorporates features such as real-time environmental descriptions and communication assistance, all tailored to the needs of visually impaired users. By integrating AI with voice commands and feedback, the assistance system aims to improve accessibility, autonomy, and overall quality of life for visually impaired individuals. Through user-centered design and iterative testing, the AI assistance system strives to offer a more intuitive, reliable, and effective tool for navigating daily tasks and environments.

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visually impaired, object detection, navigation, android application, ssd_algorithm

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Privacy has become an extremely important human right around the world, and in India, it has been established as a Fundamental Right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The Right to Privacy is closely related to the protection of personal data, which is difficult to safeguard in the current technological and globalized world. Moreover, there are instances where the right to privacy has been violated by the government through discriminatory legislation as the legal protection of this right is week. The Right to Privacy was not considered a Fundamental Right initially in India. There was no particular law made for protecting the privacy and data of the people of this country. Over time, various accusations have been leveled against the government and private firms about violating privacy. All such matters were presented before the courts. These courts issued significant judgments, guidelines, and rulings regarding such matters. It is also important to discuss the legal developments regarding the Right to Privacy and data protection in view of these developments so that one gets to know the areas in which the Indian legal system is doing well in safeguarding the right for citizens. Though the Indian legal framework has properly recognized the Right to Privacy and took suitable steps to prevent data theft and misuse of sensitive information, considerable progress still needs to be made. There is the need for increased efforts towards broadening the area of data protection so that this Right to Privacy is given enough protection in this modern world.

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Data protection, Personal information, sensitive information, confidentiality, public interest

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Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) focuses on identifying similar images from extensive datasets based on a query image. Traditionally, the similarity between the representative features of the query image and those in the dataset has been utilized to rank images for retrieval. In the early stages of CBIR, various hand-designed feature descriptors were explored, relying on visual cues such as color, texture, and shape to represent images. However, over the past decade, deep learning has emerged as a powerful alternative to hand- crafted feature engineering, as it automatically learns features from data, significantly enhancing retrieval performance. This project provides a comprehensive survey of deep learning advancements in content-based image retrieval over the last ten years. It categorizes existing state-of-the-art methods from multiple perspectives to facilitate a deeper understanding of the field's progress. The taxonomy employed in this survey encompasses various types of supervision, networks, descriptors, and retrieval methods. Additionally, a performance analysis of these state-of-the- art techniques is conducted, offering valuable insights for researchers to track advancements and make informed decisions. The findings presented in this project aim to support further research and development in image retrieval using deep learning methodologies.

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 Keywords

Image Retrieval, Content Based Image Retrieval, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Feature Extraction, AlexNet.

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This paper focuses on advances in deep learning for early detection of eye disease using images of the retinal fundus. It analyzes retinal images using convolutional neural net works (CNN's) and other algorithms to classify ocular diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hypertensive retinopathy, macular edema, and cataracts, as well as systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. We explore various method ologies, including data preprocessing, model architectures, and performance metrics, along with challenges like datasets diversity and model generalizability. Proposed future directions include improved preprocessing and datasets, vision transformers, and explainable AI to improve access for researchers, scientists, and practitioners in medical imaging and artificial intelligence. These advances provide comprehensive methodologies, best practices, and information for retinal image classification, data prepro cessing, model selection, performance evaluation, and clinical applications. Future deep learning developments will support model deployment in real-world healthcare, integrating hybrid models such as MGSCNN (Multi Glowworm Swarm Convo lutional Neural Networks) and pre-trained data to aid early detection of retinal diseases.

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 Keywords

Deep Learning, Retinal Imaging, Disease Detection, Convolutional Neural Networks, Medical Imaging.

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This research paper explores Draupadi as a spiritual archetype, drawing insight from her journey in the novel The Palace of Illusions, which portrays her as a victim, warrior, and epitome of transformation. By close textual analysis of the text, the paper highlights the character of Draupadi as the timeless qualities of strength, wisdom, and justice. The exploration of myth, spirituality, and cultural symbolism is the primary goal in shaping Draupadi's character. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni illustrates the traditional Draupadi's transformation into a new modern woman by depicting her characters as bold and powerful enough to adapt to contemporary society. It showcases Draupadi's struggles, flexibility, and developing perception that represents her search for self and emancipation. This study analyses not only Draupadi's feminine strength and her archetypical changes but also her ultimatum to challenge the traditional notion of destiny and duty illuminating new insights into the universal search for meaning and justice.

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Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Draupadi, Spiritual, society, patriarchy, challenges, suffering, humiliation.

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