Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical lesion encountered in neonates, resulting from excessive granulation tissue formation during the postnatal healing of the umbilical stump. In Ayurveda, this condition may be correlated with disorders such as Pindalika, a complication arising from improper management of the umbilical cord, and Nabhigata Arsha, characterized by abnormal tissue overgrowth at the umbilicus. 28 Days old make neonate presented with a complaint of pinkish, moist swelling on umbilicus with discharge and occasional bleeding since birth. On examination a single swelling on umbilicus cherry red in colour with serous discharge was present. It was soft, non tender and moist. Under aseptic precautions Apamarga kshara ( Alkaline preparation having Achyranthes aspera plant) was applied on umbilical granuloma. This procedure was repeated for next 2 days. At 7th day from 1st day of kshara application, it was completely healed. Umbilical granuloma was successfully treated with Kshara karma.

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 Keywords

Umbilical granuloma, Pindalika, Kshara karma, Nabhigata arsha

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The growing visibility of transgender life writing in contemporary Indian literature has created new opportunities for understanding gender identity, embodiment, and resistance from the perspective of lived experience. Transgender autobiographies challenge dominant social narratives by foregrounding voices that have historically been marginalized and excluded from mainstream literary discourse. This article examines 'From Manjunath to Manjamma: The Inspiring Life of a Transgender Folk Artist' and 'A Small Step in a Long Journey' (A Memoir by Akkai Padmashali) as significant autobiographical narratives that document the complex relationship between body, identity, and social recognition. Drawing upon theories of gender performativity, body politics, subalternity, and life writing, the study explores how the transgender body becomes a site of negotiation, regulation, and self-assertion. The article argues that autobiographical narration functions as a form of narrative resistance through which transgender individuals reclaim agency, challenge normative gender structures, and construct empowering identities. By comparatively examining the two autobiographies, the study seeks to demonstrate how embodied experiences are transformed into narratives of resilience, visibility, and social change.

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 Keywords

Transgender Autobiography, Embodiment, Narrative Resistance, Identity, Body Politics, Life Writing, Visibility.

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Plastic pollution is a global environmental threat due to its non-biodegradable nature. This study successfully demonstrates the production of bioplastic from fish scales collected from local markets. Chitosan was extracted through the 3 processes of deproteinization; demineralization, deacetylation. In this project, development of biodegradable bioplastic film made from fish scales, which has several beneficial characteristics including heat tolerance, smooth texture, transparency, soft touch, tensile strength, and it is degradable in 3 days with water and 6 days with soil. The purpose of the degradability test was to determine whether the bioplastic that were produced would break down when exposed to soil microbes. The film's production costs are low and reasonably simple. Thus, the process called recycle of waste become environmentally friendly, economical, and healthy. Also, it reduces the usage of petroleum derived product by using bioplastics instead of plastic. For all that reason's bioplastic usage increased in our life.

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 Keywords

Bioplastic film, Fish scales, Chitin, Chitosan, Biodegradable.

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language generation tasks, yet they frequently produce factually incorrect or logically inconsistent content, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'hallucination.' Existing detection approaches predominantly operate in a post-generation setting, evaluating the complete output only after the full text has been generated. This paper proposes a novel real-time, token-level hallucination detection framework that monitors the internal probability distributions of an LLM at each decoding step during text generation. By tracking per-token entropy values and identifying anomalous uncertainty patterns, the proposed system flags high-risk tokens and segments before the hallucination is fully expressed. The framework is evaluated on GPT-2 using the TruthfulQA and HaluEval benchmark datasets, requiring only modest computational resources (standard GPU or CPU). Experimental results demonstrate that the approach achieves 82.4% precision and 79.1% recall in detecting hallucination-prone token sequences, with less than 3% computational overhead compared to standard generation. This work addresses a critical gap in existing literature and offers a lightweight, practical solution suitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments such as MCA-level research settings.

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 Keywords

Hallucination Detection, Large Language Models, Token-Level Analysis, Entropy-Based Detection, Real-Time NLP, Text Generation, GPT-2, TruthfulQA

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Abstract Housing is one of the basic necessities of human life. A safe and quality house not only improves the standards of living of individuals but also plays a significant role in promoting social and economic development. With the objective of realizing the dream of home ownership for poor and underprivileged people, the government of India introduced the PradhanMantriAwasYojana-Gramin(PMAY-G). The scheme aims to provide permanent and secure housing facilities to eligible rural households, thereby enhancing their quality of life and contributing to their overall socio-economic development. The present study aims to examine the socio-economic implications of the paradhanMantriAwasYojana -Gramin (PMAY-G) in Tamil Nadu. The data and information required for the study have been obtained from secondary sources, including reports of the ministry of Rural Development , Government of India, publications of the Government of Tamil Nadu, Censud reports, schemes documents, relevant research articles, and related books. The collected information has been analyzed and interpreted using descriptive and analytical approaches. The findings of the study reveal that the PradhanMantriAwasYojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) has brought about significant improvements in the quality of hosing, expansion of health and sanitation facilities, enhancement of employment opportunities, strengthening of the social and economic status of women, and reduction of poverty among rural households .furthermore, the scheme has contributed to improving social inclusion and enhancing the overall quality of life of rural communities. However, delays in the allocation and disbursement of funds, rising construction costs, and various administrative challenges have emerged as major factors affecting the effective implementation of the scheme. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for appropriate policy measures and efficient implementation mechanisms to expand the benefits of the programme and to promote sustainable and equitable rural development.

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Key words : Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Gramin (PMAY-G), Social Inclusion , Socio- Economic Implications, Rural Housing , Rural Development , Women's Empowerment, Poverty Alleviation, Tamil Nadu .

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Hridroga (heart diseases) are tremendously increasing in our society due to the change in the life style, diet pattern, and environmental conditions. The global burden of diseases is altering from infectious diseases to the non-communicable diseases, and now becoming the chief cause of the death in all over the world. However, as an Ayurvedic point of view in the presence of limited available literature which is also scattered, unclear, and even challenging to interpreting. Therefore, a conceptual study on Ayurvedic concept of Hridroga is required to determine whether it is sustainable in current time period. In order to achieve that goal, the current Article Aims to shed light on the idea of Hridroga using both classical and contemporary literature as sources. Furthermore, the good health is necessary for everyone, so all the section of Ayurveda can work together in the prevention of cardiovascular and related to other heart diseases. This article explains how Hridroga resembles with the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases.

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: Hridroga, Ayurveda, Hridaya, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Ischemic Heart Disease, Integrative Medicine

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Children's educational experiences are largely influenced by the atmosphere created within their families. The emotional climate, parental guidance, communication patterns, and learning opportunities available at home collectively contribute to their academic growth and overall personality development. As the first and most influential setting for learning, the family provides experiences, support systems, values, and resources that contribute to students' educational outcomes. During the higher secondary stage, students undergo critical developmental transitions that require a supportive and conducive home atmosphere. The present study aims to investigate the home environment of higher secondary school students in Dimapur district. The study focuses on understanding the nature and quality of home environments experienced by students and examining variations based on selected demographic variables. The findings of the study are expected to provide valuable insights for educators, parents, policymakers, and researchers in promoting positive home conditions that enhance students' educational and personal development.

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Home Environment, Higher Secondary Students, Parental Involvement, Family Environment, Adolescent Development

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This study examines the influence of sustainability awareness, environmental concern, and green product knowledge on green consumer buying behaviour in Ranchi, Jharkhand. In recent years, increasing environmental degradation, climate change, and resource depletion have led to a shift in consumer preferences towards environmentally friendly products. Sustainability awareness helps consumers understand the long-term impact of their consumption patterns, while environmental concern reflects their emotional involvement and responsibility towards environmental protection. Additionally, knowledge about green products enables consumers to differentiate between conventional and eco-friendly alternatives. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 100-150 respondents in Ranchi city. The data has been analyzed using percentage analysis and basic statistical tools with the help of MS Excel. The findings indicate that sustainability awareness and environmental concern significantly influence consumers' intention to purchase green products. However, limited knowledge about green product features, higher prices, and lack of availability act as major barriers to green purchasing behaviour in semi-urban regions like Ranchi. The study concludes that promoting environmental education, increasing awareness campaigns, and improving accessibility and affordability of green products can enhance green consumer behaviour. The results are useful for policymakers, marketers, and environmental organizations aiming to encourage sustainable consumption practices and support India's environmental sustainability goals.

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 Keywords

Sustainability Awareness, Environmental Concern, Green Product Knowledge, Green Consumer Behaviour, Ranchi, Jharkhand

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Idol immersion, a significant religious practice in India, particularly during festivals such as Durga Puja and Ganesh Chaturthi, has emerged as a major environmental concern due to its adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems (Yigam & Bharti, 2025).A study on Bramha Pond, Varanasi, investigated the impact of idol immersion on water quality, analyzing parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and heavy metals like Pb, Cd, and Cr .Results indicated a significant increase in pollutant levels during and after immersion, with heavy metal concentrations exceeding permissible limits (WHO, 2017). For example, Pb concentration increased from 0.120 mg/L to 0.250 mg/L, while BOD increased from 12.5 mg/L to 22.5 mg/L .The study concludes that idol immersion severely degrades water quality and disrupts aquatic ecosystems, recommending sustainable practices such as eco-friendly idols and artificial immersion tanks to mitigate environmental impacts.

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 Keywords

Idol immersion, Bramha Pond, Water pollution, Heavy metals, Physicochemical parameters, Phytoremediation, Varanasi

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The present research is focused on assessing the influence of online consumer reviews and ratings on pre purchasing decisions for E-commerce platforms. In today's digital world, people rarely buy anything without checking online reviews. Consumers often depend on the experiences and opinions shared by others. This research focuses on understanding how online reviews influence consumer perception and play an important role in pre-purchase decision-making in the Ranchi district. The present research is descriptive and focused on awareness level of online reviews and ratings and whether the factors influence online consumer reviews, ratings, content, and message. The study used both primary and secondary data. The Primary and secondary data were utilized to achieve the current research objectives. The main aim of this study is to explore how consumers read, understand, and trust online reviews before making a purchase. It also searches for different factors such as ratings, detailed feedback, positive and negative comments and whether the reviewer seems real or not. To collect relevant information, a survey was conducted among people from different age groups and backgrounds using a structured questionnaire. This helped in understanding real opinions and behaviours of consumers. The results of the study show that online reviews have a strong impact on buying decisions. Most consumers feel more confident about purchasing a product when they see positive reviews and high ratings. On the other hand, negative reviews can create doubt and often lead people to avoid buying the product. However, many consumers are also becoming more aware of fake or paid reviews which makes them more careful. In conclusion, online reviews have become an essential part of the modern shopping experience. Businesses should focus on maintaining honesty and encouraging genuine feedback from customers to build trust. This study highlights how important online reviews are in shaping consumer perception and helping people make better purchasing decisions.

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 Keywords

consumer perception, online reviews, e-commerce, buying behaviour, consumer Trust, purchase decision, digital word- of- mouth

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition