Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Katherine Rundell's Rooftoppers explores themes of belonging, identity, resilience and maternal longing of a young orphan girl Sophie through her determination to find her biological mother. In the refusal to accept the fact that her mother is dead, she sets out from London to find her mother in Paris. This fictional story can be read as an adventure story which also offers fertile ground for psychoanalytic interpretation. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the novel through the psychoanalytic lens through Sigmund Freud's model of the mind comprising the id, ego and superego. The paper contends that Sophie's persistence on her maternal quest is motivated by the id's desire, mediated by ego's logical strategies and contended by superego's societal and moral constraints. Furthermore, defence mechanisms also help Sophie sustain her psychological resilience enabling her to cope with hardships and uncertainties without giving up hope. Through the application of Freudian psychoanalysis to the novel, this paper attempts to reveal childhood as a continuous psychological process in identity formation rather than just a stage of innocence. In the maternal quest, the impact and importance of genuine help from trusted companions in the context of an external controlling system also gives way to further discussing what is ethically right.

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 Keywords

Psychoanalysis, id, ego, superego, defence mechanism

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This study examines the investment behaviour of young investors towards mutual funds in Ranchi City, Jharkhand. With the growing importance of financial planning and wealth creation, mutual funds have emerged as a popular investment avenue among the youth due to their potential for diversification, professional management, and relatively lower risk compared to direct equity investments. However, the level of awareness, perception, and decision-making patterns among young investors in semi-urban regions like Ranchi remains varied and underexplored. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 200 respondents. The data has been analysed using percentage analysis, chi-square test, and correlation analysis. The study focuses on understanding the influence of factors such as financial literacy, risk perception, income level, savings habits, and external influences like social media, peer groups, and financial advisors on investment decisions. The findings indicate that while young investors show a positive inclination towards mutual funds, their investment decisions are significantly influenced by their level of financial awareness and perceived risk. Additionally, digital platforms and social influence play a crucial role in shaping their preferences. Despite the growing interest, challenges such as a lack of in-depth knowledge, fear of market volatility, and limited access to proper financial guidance persist. The study concludes that enhancing financial literacy, promoting awareness programs, and improving accessibility to reliable investment information can encourage more informed investment decisions among young investors in Ranchi, thereby contributing to greater participation in the mutual fund industry.

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Keywords: Investment Behaviour, Mutual Funds, Young Investors, Financial Literacy, Risk Perception, Ranchi, Jharkhand

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Water quality monitoring is essential in industrial water systems to ensure microbial safety and process efficiency. The present study evaluated the microbiological quality of three water samples collected from different stages of an industrial water treatment system, namely Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration (HUF) Water, Demineralized (DM) Water and Process Water. Samples were analyzed for Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC), Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC), total coliforms and specific pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed TAMC values of 2 Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/ml),13 CFU/ml and 71 CFU/ml in HUF, DM and Process Water respectively. TYMC was absent in HUF and DM Water and detected at a low level (2 CFU/ml) in Process Water. Total coliforms and specific pathogens were absent in all samples. The findings indicate that the water treatment system effectively controlled microbial contamination and maintained water quality within acceptable microbiological limits.

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Water Quality, Microbiological Analysis, HUF Water, DM Water, Process Water, Total Aerobic Microbial Count.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

విలక్షణమైన అభ్యుదయ భావాలు కల పద్యకవి డా. దాశరథి కృష్ణమాచార్య గారు, ‘నా తెలంగాణ కోటి రత్నాల వీణ ‘ అన్న పద్యపాదం అగ్నిధారగా మారి, ఆనాటి కరడుగట్టిన నియంతృత్వ నిజాం ప్రభుత్వాన్ని నిలువునా దహించివేసింది. తొలి, మలితరాల తెలంగాణా ఉద్యమాలకు కూడా, ప్రచండ నినాదమై, ప్రజ్వరిల్లింది. “నా గీతావళి యెంతదూరము ప్రయాణంబౌనొ యందాక యీ భూగోళంబున కగ్గి వెట్టెదను, నిప్పుల్ వోసి హేమంతభా మా గాంధర్వ వివాహమాడెదను, ద్యోమణ్యుష్ణ గోళంబుపై ప్రాగాకాశ నవారుణాస్ర జలధారల్ చల్లి చల్లార్చెదన్” అన్న పద్యంలో స్వయంగా దాశరథి చెప్పుకున్నట్టు, వారి కలానికీ, గళానికీ వెరపు లేదు. ‘పిట్ట కొంచెమైనా, కూత ఘనం’ అన్నట్టు బక్క పలుచని శరీరమే అయినా, కొండంత గుండె ధైర్యం గలవాడు. అందుకే “నా నిజాం రాజు జన్మ జన్మాల బూజు’ అని ధైర్యంగా గర్జించగలిగిన ధీశాలి. దాశరథి కృష్ణమాచార్యను స్మరించుకోవడం అంటే, హైదరాబాదు సంస్థాన విమోచనోద్యమాన్ని స్మరించుకోవడమే అన్నంత , వారి జీవితం నిజాం వ్యతిరేకపోరాటంతో ముడివడిపోయింది. ఈ పోరాటంలో భాగంగా దాశరథి , ఇందూరు జైలులో ఎదుర్కొన్న అనుభవాలను ఈ వ్యాసం వివరిస్తుంది.

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హైదరాబాదు విమోచనోద్యమం- నిజాం ప్రభువు- తెలంగాణా- దాశరథికృష్ణమాచార్య - వట్టికోట ఆళ్వారుస్వామి- ఇందూరు కారాగారం- రాజకీయ ఖైదీలు- రజాకార్లు.

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 Abstract

Even though MRI avoids harmful radiation, making it a go-to tool for diagnosis, its strong magnet poses hidden dangers. Flying metal objects turn into risks near the machine - pulled fast by invisible force. These events, while rare, sometimes lead to harm, broken gear, or worse. Understanding how and why this happens involves diving into physics, real-world cases, and hospital rules meant to stop such accidents. Information gathered from trusted journals and global standards since 2015 sheds light on what goes wrong. Turns out, nearly every incident traces back to skipped checks, misjudgement's, ignored procedures, or bringing unsafe tools too close. Nowhere is safety more critical than inside an MRI suite, where invisible forces demand full attention. Zones marked by clear boundaries help control access based on risk levels. Screening everyone who enters - patients included - is non-negotiable, catching hazards before they move. Equipment brought near the scanner must carry either MR Safe or MR Conditional labels, nothing else makes sense. Learning does not stop after orientation; ongoing education keeps teams sharp over time. Devices that spot metal objects add another layer, sounding alerts when something dangerous approaches. Guidelines from groups like the ACR exist for good reason - they shape reliable protocols across facilities. When hospitals tighten internal rules and back them up with frequent drills, mistakes become far less likely. Fewer projectiles mean fewer injuries, plain and simple. Everyone benefits: people lying still on the table, plus those working around the machine. Motion near an MRI can turn metal into a hazard. Inside the scanner room, strong magnetism pulls certain objects fast. Not every material reacts, only those with iron or steel do. Zones mark how close you can go without danger. One wrong item entering may injure someone quickly. Staff check people and tools before entry each time. Machines stay on even when not scanning patients. Safety depends on awareness plus strict rules followed. Hidden ferrous parts in devices cause surprises often. Stopping accidents means watching what seems harmless too. Scans need powerful fields that never switch off fully. Preventing harm links directly to daily habits set firm. Risks drop when teams respect invisible forces present always.

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 Keywords

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Projectile Effect, Missile Effect, MRI Safety, Ferromagnetic Objects, Static Magnetic Field, MRI Safety Zones, Patient Safety, Risk Management, Radiology.

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 Abstract

With the rapid growth of online academic resources, identifying relevant and accurate information has become increasingly challenging for students and researchers. Traditional search systems often return large volumes of results without effectively capturing the intent of the query, leading to inefficient and time-consuming exploration. This work presents a research assistant system that improves information retrieval by combining the BM25 ranking algorithm with a controlled language model to generate answers based only on selected research documents. The system allows users to build a focused corpus of relevant papers and supports cross-document analysis to produce more comprehensive and context-aware responses. By integrating structured retrieval with guided answer generation, the proposed approach reduces manual effort, improves answer relevance, and enhances the overall research experience.

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AI/ML, Deep Learning, Computer Engineering, Computing System, Question-Answering, Retrieval, BM25, arXiv, Ollama Mistral

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The representation of women and their struggle for identity has occupied a central position in Indian English literature. Women writers have consistently explored the experiences of women living within patriarchal social structures and have highlighted their efforts to negotiate autonomy and selfhood. Rama Mehta's Inside the Haveli is one such significant work that offers a realistic portrayal of women's lives in a traditional Rajput household. The novel presents the experiences of Geeta, an educated and modern woman who enters a conservative aristocratic family after marriage and encounters rigid social customs and patriarchal expectations. The present review article examines existing scholarly studies on the themes of women, patriarchy, and identity in the novel. The study investigates how patriarchal institutions influence women's lives and shape their identities within the enclosed space of the haveli. It also analyses Geeta's journey from alienation and conflict to adaptation and self-realization. The review reveals that Mehta does not depict women merely as victims of oppression; instead, she portrays them as individuals capable of negotiation, resilience, and transformation. The article concludes that Inside the Haveli remains a valuable feminist text because it foregrounds women's quest for identity and dignity while simultaneously exposing the limitations imposed by patriarchal society.

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Women, patriarchy, identity, feminism, selfhood, Rama Mehta, Indian English literature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

If a Literary work is to express excellent ideas, it must have a correspondingly excellent form. Form is the ability or gateway to convey ideas and emotions from one person's heart to another.

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SIRUKATHAI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Asvakos He made a great impact on the literary world with short stories like Dhanapakiyathoda Rava Neram and his works are social.

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SIRUKATHAI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Data protection has emerged as one of the defining commercial and regulatory challenges of the digital age. This paper examines how privacy governance shapes consumer trust, corporate transparency, and cross-border trade in modern e-commerce. Drawing on primary regulatory frameworks -- including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA/CPRA), and India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP) -- alongside empirical data from IBM, Cisco, Usercentrics, DLA Piper, and Surfshark, the paper analyses the financial, reputational, and operational consequences of data breaches and non-compliance. Key findings include: the global average breach cost of $4.44 million in 2025 (IBM); over EUR7.1 billion in cumulative GDPR fines since 2018; a data privacy market valued at $175.3 billion and growing at 16.8% annually; and evidence that 75% of consumers will not purchase from organisations they do not trust with their data. The paper further explores the emerging risk posed by ungoverned artificial intelligence adoption, including "shadow AI" practices that cost organisations an average of $4.63 million per breach. Strategic recommendations are provided for both organisations and individuals, covering governance frameworks, technical safeguards, third-party risk management, and consumer best practices. The analysis concludes that data protection is no longer merely a legal obligation but a measurable source of competitive advantage and a prerequisite for sustainable participation in global digital commerce.

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 Keywords

data protection; e-commerce; consumer trust; GDPR; CCPA; data breaches; privacy regulation; cybersecurity; AI governance; digital trade; transparency; personal data; compliance; information security; shadow AI; third-party risk

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition