Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Abstract This paper studies the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) as a meaningful and culturally rooted way of reading South Asian diasporic women's narratives. It focuses on the women protagonists in Monica Ali's Love Marriage and Amulya Malladi's The Sound of Language. The protagonists negotiate life between two cultures and experience emotional stress, cultural conflict, and identity crises. Western theories such as postcolonialism and feminism help us understand social and gender issues, but they often do not fully explain the inner emotional and ethical struggles of these women. The paper applies concepts from Indian literary theory such as Rasa, Dhvani, Puru?h?rthas, and Karma to understand the inner feelings of the protagonists. Rasa helps to explain emotions like fear, sadness, confusion, and inner tension. Dhvani shows the hidden meanings, silence, and unspoken pain present in the stories. The idea of Puru?h?rthas i.e. Dharma, Artha, K?ma, and Mok?a, helps to understand the conflict between personal desire, family duty, material needs, and the search for peace. Karma explains how past actions, cultural values, and upbringing influence the present choices of the women. The paper argues that Indian Knowledge System concepts offer a deeper and more balanced way of understanding diasporic women's writing. This approach helps us better understand their emotional pain, moral struggles, and divided identity, and it reinforces the need to include Indian perspectives in literary studies.

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Keywords Indian Knowledge System, Diasporic Women's Writing, Rasa, Dhvani, Puru??rthas, Karma

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Electric vehicle (EV) battery trays are a critical structural component responsible for housing and protecting the battery pack while withstanding mechanical loads, vibrations, impacts, and thermal stresses during vehicle operation. This study presents the mechanical design and structural evaluation of an EV battery tray using an aluminium honeycomb sandwich structure to improve the strength-to-weight ratio, crashworthiness, and thermal performance compared to a conventional solid-plate tray. A CAD model was developed in SolidWorks and analysed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) under static, vibration, and impact loading conditions.Different aluminium alloy configurations were evaluated and compared based on stress, deformation, factor of safety, and energy absorption. The proposed honeycomb battery tray achieved significant weight reduction while maintaining structural integrity and improving impact resistance. The results demonstrate that aluminium honeycomb structures provide an effective lightweight solution for EV battery enclosures without compromising safety or performance.

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Electric Vehicle (EV), Battery Tray, Aluminium Honeycomb Structure, Lightweight Design, Sandwich Panel, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Crashworthiness, Structural Analysis

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People have increasingly shifted from saving to investing, as reflected in the rise of Demat accounts from 40.9 million in 2020 to 216 million in December 2025. With growing retail participation in equity markets, understanding differences between novice and experienced investors has become important. This study focuses on investors in Ranchi and aims to compare their investment patterns, behaviour, strategies, portfolio diversification practices, and common investment mistakes. Primary data were collected from 250 respondents, including 200 novice retail investors through structured questionnaires and 50 experienced or institutional investors through semi-structured interviews. The study adopted a descriptive and comparative research design, using stratified, convenience, and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed through percentage, descriptive, and comparative analysis supported by graphs and charts. Findings indicate that experienced investors maintain better-diversified portfolios, possess higher risk tolerance, and make more rational investment decisions. In contrast, novice investors prefer low-risk options, are more influenced by behavioural biases, and have limited financial knowledge. The study concludes that investment experience significantly influences investment behaviour and decision-making, emphasising the need for stronger financial literacy and investor education initiatives.

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Keywords: Investment Behaviour, Retail Investors, Investment Experience, Risk Perception, Financial Literacy.

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Gabriel Okara's work is embedded with cultural and ecological identity. It manifests the lived experiences of the Ijaw community as well as the intricate flora and fauna of The Niger Delta. This paper examines the recurring image of water in The Collected Poems as a significant metaphorical and ecological symbol. Okara's poetry mediates his identity, communal belonging, spirituality but also the environmental loss that comes with the rich land. Through an ecocritical reading of selected poems, this study will explore how river, creeks, rain becomes indicator of ecological disruption. The paper argues that Okara transforms water into a medium for expressing the gradual destruction of the natural environment caused by colonial modernity, industrial exploitation, and oil-related environmental damage. The pollution and disruption of water spaces reflect not only ecological crisis but also the displacement and suffering of the Ijaw people whose social and cultural lives are inseparable from the Delta. In conclusion this paper positions Okara as an important ecological voice in African poetry whose treatment of water transcends symbolism and becomes a critique of environmental injustice in the Niger Delta.

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Gabriel Okara, Water Imagery, Niger Delta, Ijaw Community, Ecological Crisis, African Poetry

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Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is an important measure of corporate sustainability and ethics. Companies have been compelled to integrate concerns regarding ESG within their strategies and operations due to factors such as stakeholder awareness, regulations, and investor interest. Although there have been several studies done concerning the impact of ESG performance on financial performance, little attention has been paid to sector-based comparisons, especially in an Indian context where sectors may have different operating features. In an attempt to fill this void, this paper seeks to make a comparison of the ESG performance of some Indian manufacturing firms and some Indian IT companies. One of the main measures of corporate sustainability and ethics is ESG performance. Scores from the CRISIL ESG platform were be obtained for 10 firms, out of which five firms belong to the manufacturing category, and five firms belong to the IT category. The analysis was carried out with respect to the scores of the Environment, Social, Governance, and ESG. Findings indicate that in all ESG parameters, the IT industry is superior to the manufacturing industry. Relative to the manufacturing firms, the firms in the IT sector have performed well in the dimensions of Environment, Social, Governance, and total ESG. It is evident from the data that the coefficients of variation and standard deviation in case of IT industry are much lower, indicating more maturity in ESG dimensions. The environmental aspect has been the worst performing segment in the manufacturing industry, and the governance segment has been the best performer in both industries. This research concludes that sector-specific characteristics play a significant role in determining the outcome for both ESG initiatives and sustainability. This research is very important for all those who wish to achieve effective ESG integration and sustainability within different industrial sectors.

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ESG Performance, Corporate Sustainability, Sectoral Comparison, Manufacturing Sector, Information Technology Sector, CRISIL ESG Ratings.

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This paper critically examines the role of Indian elite men, particularly Brahmin pandits, upper-caste judges, lawyers, and politicians, in the formation and implementation of Hindu Personal Law during British colonial rule in India. Challenging the conventional view that colonial law was solely an imperial imposition, the study argues that colonial legal regimes were co-produced through a strategic alliance between British administrators and indigenous patriarchal elites. Through the compilation of A Code of Gentoo Laws (1776), Brahmin pandits selectively interpreted Dharmashastra texts, transforming Brahmanical norms into state-enforced legal principles. These legal constructions systematically marginalized women, lower castes, and customary practices by reinforcing patriarchal control over marriage, sexuality, inheritance, and property rights. The article further explores the role of Indian male judges in sustaining gender inequality through judicial interpretations that privileged caste hierarchy, family honor, and male authority over women's autonomy and consent. Special attention is given to landmark legal developments such as the Queen Empress v. Hari Mohan Mythe case, restitution of conjugal rights, widow inheritance laws, and the abolition of the Devadasi system. Employing feminist and caste-based critiques, the study demonstrates how colonial law institutionalized both patriarchy and caste dominance through elite collaboration. It concludes that the legacies of these colonial legal structures continue to influence postcolonial legal systems and gender relations in contemporary India.

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Colonial Law; Hindu Personal Law; Gentoo Law; Brahmin Pandits; Patriarchy; Caste Hierarchy; Women's Rights; Colonial India; Feminist Legal History; Judicial Interpretation; Property Rights; Marriage Law; Devadasi System; Gender Inequality; Colonial Governance; Elite Collaboration; Legal Pluralism; Social Reform; Inheritance Law; Postcolonial Legal Legacy.

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The Origin of Muslim League in Assam Mokbul Hussain Laskar Dr. Habibullah Mazumder Abstract: The evolution of a politicized Muslim communitarian identity in the late nineteenth century was partly in response to initiatives of Sir Sayed Ahmed Khan and partly the new institutionalized knowledge of taxonomy that colonial rule offered. The growth of Muslim separatism can be explained as a consequence of the reality faced by the Muslims in terms of educational facilities, public employment and representation in the self-government bodies to entry into the Legislative Councils. In the whole of India, including the princely states, the Muslims constituted 19.7 per cent of the population in 1881. But there were significant regional variations in their distribution. The Muslims had long been feeling the need for a separate political organization for themselves. On October 1, 1906 thirty five Muslim delegates under the leadership of Sir Agha Khan met the Viceroy of India at Simla and decided to organize the Muslim community for independent political action to secure for themselves and recognition from the government as a nation within a nation. It was in the wake of Simla Deputation, the All India Muslim League was formally inaugurated on 30 December 1906. It was an effort of a search for distinctive political identity but not a quest for separate homeland. Subsequently, the All India Muslim League established its branches in all the major provinces and extended activities under the banner of provincial organizations. In this process, Assam Provincial Muslim League was formed.

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Assam,Muslim League,Sir Sayed Khan,Legislative Council,Sir Aga Khan,Simla etc.

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This study examines how different macroeconomic and financial factors influence gold and silver prices in India over both the short run and the long run. The analysis is based on monthly data collected from January 2015 to March 2025. The study focuses on the impact of the USD/INR exchange rate, crude oil prices, inflation measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), and stock market performance represented by the S&P BSE Sensex. The data is first tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests. The findings indicate that all variables are non-stationary at their level values but become stationary after taking the first difference. Therefore, all variables are integrated of order one, I(1). The Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of three long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is then estimated to examine both the short-run dynamics and the long-run relationships. The results show that when the rupee becomes weak, gold prices increase a lot. The coefficient value is 0.88 (p < 0.01), which shows a strong positive effect. Inflation also increases gold prices, with a value of 0.55 (p < 0.01), showing that gold helps protect against rising prices. On the other hand, the stock market (Sensex) has a negative effect on gold prices, with a value of -0.12 (p < 0.01). This means when the stock market goes up, gold prices may go down. Crude oil prices also have a positive effect on gold, with a value of 0.15 (p < 0.05). The study also shows how prices return to balance. Gold prices adjust faster, and about 18% (ECT = -0.18, p < 0.01) of the imbalance is corrected in each period. But silver prices do not adjust much, with ECT = -0.05 (p = 0.581), which means silver prices mostly change due to new shocks. In simple words, this research depict that gold is a good investment when inflation is high, the rupee is weak, or the stock market is unstable

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Gold prices, silver prices, Exchange rate, Inflation, VECM, Cointegration, India, Safe-haven assets

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The clinical adoption of artificial intelligence for pulmonary diagnostics is significantly bottlenecked by the subjective nature of Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation and the classic "Black Box" dilemma, where deep neural networks yield binary classifications without localized spatial reasoning. This lack of clear interpretability increases radiologist fatigue and creates a clinical trust gap. LungScan AI utilizes a novel tiered multi-stage framework built entirely on PyTorch. Incoming raw DICOM or standard imagery is normalized via a pydicom-OpenCV engine and instantly passed to a ResNet-18 "Gatekeeper" classifier. This model performs immediate binary triage (Normal vs. Pathological), allowing normal scans to safely terminate early and bypass heavy downstream processing to preserve hospital computing infrastructure. For positive cases, the tensor branches right into a Generative U-Net "Isolator" model trained under an adversarial Pix2Pix framework. Rather than outputting the blurry, clinically imprecise activation "smudges" typical of traditional Grad-CAM setups, the Isolator reconstructs pixel-perfect spatial maps mapping exact biological boundaries of consolidated lung fluid. This mask is evaluated concurrently by a secondary ResNet-18 "Grader" to generate a standardized quantitative metric (Mild, Moderate, Severe), while a Plotly engine renders the mask as an interactive 3D volumetric landscape to map fluid density along a synthetic $Z$-axis. Finally, an automated reporting module utilizing ReportLab packages the complete suite of visualizations into a downloadable, standard PDF report for direct clinical archiving. Performance evaluations using the RSNA Pneumonia Detection dataset demonstrate that the platform achieves a 92% binary classification accuracy and an 86% Dice similarity coefficient for precise segmentation, processing individual files in under two seconds.

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Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Explainable AI (XAI), Generative Image-to-Image Translation, Pulmonary Segmentation, Deep Triage Pipelines

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The automotive industry continuously seeks innovative technologies to improve vehicle performance, fuel efficiency, and safety. Aerodynamic drag is one of the major forces that affect a vehicle's fuel consumption and stability, especially at high speeds. Conventional fixed spoilers provide additional downforce but also increase aerodynamic resistance during normal driving conditions. An Active Aerodynamic Spoiler (AAS) overcomes this limitation by automatically adjusting its position according to vehicle speed and driving conditions. The system uses sensors, an electronic control unit (ECU), and an actuator mechanism to deploy or retract the spoiler whenever required. At low speeds, the spoiler remains retracted to minimize drag, while at high speeds it deploys to improve airflow, increase stability, and reduce lift. This paper presents the design, working principle, components, advantages, applications, and future developments of an active aerodynamic spoiler for drag reduction. The technology offers improved fuel economy, enhanced vehicle handling, better braking performance, and increased driving safety, making it an essential feature for modern sports cars, electric vehicles, and high-performance automobiles.

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Active Aerodynamics, Spoiler, Drag Reduction, Downforce, Vehicle Stability, ECU, CFD Analysis

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