Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The density (?) and viscosity (?) of binary liquid mixtures of Furfural and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) have been measured over the entire composition range at temperatures of 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. From the experimental density and viscosity data, excess molar volumes (V?) and deviations in viscosity (??) were evaluated. The composition dependence of these excess properties was correlated using the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation and is found to be satisfactory. The experimental observations together with the calculated thermodynamic properties were discussed to elucidate the intermolecular interactions existing between the components of the investigated binary mixtures.

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Density, Viscosity, Molecular Interactions, Excess properties.

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The Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Theorem is one of the most important principles in Euclidean geometry. It states that if two sides and the included angle of one triangle are respectively equal to two sides and the included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. This theorem provides a reliable method for establishing the equality of triangles and serves as a foundation for many geometric proofs and constructions. The present paper discusses the statement, significance, applications, and logical basis of the SAS Congruence Theorem in elementary geometry.

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Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Congruence Theorem: A Fundamental Criterion for Triangle Congruence

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Acquired flat foot, commonly referred to as pes planus, was characterized by a partial or complete reduction of the medial longitudinal arch after skeletal maturity. The condition varied from being asymptomatic to causing pain, functional limitations, and disturbances in gait mechanics. Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior tendon was recognized as one of the most common causes of acquired flat foot in adults. The tibialis posterior muscle functioned as an important dynamic stabilizer of the medial longitudinal arch during weight-bearing activities such as walking and running. Impairment of this muscle resulted in excessive pronation, hindfoot valgus, and progressive collapse of the arch. Although orthotic management and general strengthening exercises had been widely utilized, limited evidence was available regarding the effectiveness of tibialis posterior-specific strengthening in young adults. Individuals aged 18-25 years represented a physically active population in whom exercise-based management could be particularly beneficial. A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 10 young adults aged 18-25 years who were diagnosed with acquired flat feet based on a positive Feiss line assessment. Participants were allocated into two groups consisting of 5 subjects each. Group A received tibialis posterior-specific strengthening exercises, whereas Group B performed conventional exercise programs. Both groups underwent intervention for a duration of eight weeks. Tibialis posterior muscle thickness measured using musculoskeletal ultrasound served as the primary outcome measure, while navicular drop and calcaneal shift angle were considered secondary outcomes. Both intervention protocols produced significant improvements in foot posture and arch stability among young adults with acquired flat feet. However, tibialis posterior-specific strengthening exercises resulted in greater improvements in hindfoot alignment and tibialis posterior muscle morphology when compared with conventional exercises. The findings highlighted the biomechanical importance of the tibialis posterior muscle in maintaining medial longitudinal arch integrity and controlling excessive pronation. Targeted strengthening of this muscle enhanced dynamic arch support and contributed to improved foot biomechanics. Although no significant between-group difference was observed for navicular drop, the experimental group demonstrated superior clinical improvement. Therefore, tibialis posterior-specific strengthening exercises were found to be a safe, economical, and non-invasive physiotherapy intervention for the management of acquired flat feet in young adults. Further research involving larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods was recommended to establish long-term effectiveness.

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Acquired flat foot, Pes planus, Tibialis posterior, Strengthening exercises, Young adults, Musculoskeletal ultrasound, Navicular drop, Calcaneal shift angle, Medial longitudinal arch, Foot biomechanics.

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Background: Anemia is a major problem to global public health, that mostly affects young children, adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women. In Assam the Tea Garden Labourers are make up about 20% of the total population. Different survey conducted in tea garden areas states that that 76.21% of the workers were anaemic, and 96.3% of the adolescent girls of Tea Garden were anaemic. Aim: To assess the effect of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding anemia of children among the tea garden workers in Udalguri District, Assam. Materials and methods: A quantitative survey approach with a pre experimental one group pre test post test research design was adopted for the study. Total 60 numbers of tea garden workers were selected as sample by using multistage disproportionate systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by using structured interview schedule, consist of selected sociodemographic variables and questionnaire related to the knowledge regarding anemia of children. Collected data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Out of 60 tea garden workers in pre test majority 55 (91.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 3 (5% had inadequate knowledge and 2(3.33%) had adequate knowledge. While in post test majority 40(66.67%) had moderately adequate knowledge, 20 (33.3%) had adequate knowledge regarding anemia of children. The mean post test knowledge score (15.92) was significantly higher than the mean pre test knowledge score (9.07) with mean difference of 6.85. The obtained mean difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05 level of significance). It can be inferred that structured teaching program was effective in providing knowledge to the tea garden workers. Findings revealed that the level of education, monthly family income and history of ingestion of non-nutritive substance in children was having a significant association (p<0.05) with level of pre test knowledge. Conclusions: The findings of the study showed that the knowledge of the tea garden workers regarding anemia of children had significantly improved as a result of this structured teaching programme. This study results signified that the structured teaching programme was effective for the tea garden workers in improving the knowledge regarding anemia of children. The investigator recommended a comparative study on knowledge regarding anemia between parents of the tea garden community with other rural community to assess the knowledge regarding anemia of children.

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effect, structured teaching programme, knowledge, tea garden

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The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way devices communicate and interact within digital ecosystems. IoT technologies are now widely utilized in applications such as healthcare monitoring, smart transportation, industrial automation, environmental sensing, and smart city management. Although these connected systems improve operational efficiency and enable intelligent decision-making, they also introduce significant security vulnerabilities. The large number of interconnected devices, diverse communication protocols, and resource-constrained architectures create opportunities for cybercriminals to launch attacks such as Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS), botnet intrusions, malware propagation, spoofing, and unauthorized data manipulation. To strengthen IoT security, researchers have extensively explored the use of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques for intrusion detection and threat identification. These intelligent approaches can analyze large volumes of network traffic and detect abnormal patterns with high accuracy. However, many advanced learning models function as opaque systems, providing limited insight into how decisions are generated. Such a lack of interpretability may reduce user confidence and create challenges in security-critical environments where transparency and accountability are required. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has gained considerable attention as a means of improving the interpretability of AI-driven security mechanisms. XAI techniques allow analysts to understand the reasoning behind model predictions, identify influential features, and validate detection outcomes. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent developments in IoT attack detection and investigates the role of explainability in enhancing intrusion detection systems. Particular emphasis is placed on widely adopted explanation methods, including SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME). In addition, the paper discusses commonly used benchmark datasets, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, evaluation criteria, and existing limitations in current research. The study concludes by outlining future directions for developing secure, adaptive, and trustworthy IoT defense systems capable of responding effectively to emerging cyber threats

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Internet of Things (IoT), Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), Machine Learning, Deep Learning, SHAP, LIME, Network Security, Attack Detection, Cybersecurity

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ABSTRACT This article examines the cultural construction of bodily difference in Assamese and Japanese folklore through the intersecting frameworks of disability studies, liminality theory, and folklore studies. Folkloric traditions frequently depict bodies that exist at the margins of social and ontological categories, positioning them between the human and non-human, the sacred and profane, and the ordinary and extraordinary. Drawing upon Assamese narratives of transformation, spirit possession, and goddess traditions alongside Japanese y?kai folklore and religious narratives, the study investigates how bodily anomalies acquire symbolic significance within traditional belief systems. Through qualitative comparative textual analysis, the article argues that folklore neither uniformly stigmatizes nor celebrates bodily difference. Instead, it constructs liminal embodiments that simultaneously evoke fear, reverence, exclusion, and empowerment. By examining representations of transformed heroines, possessed ritual performers, one-eyed supernatural beings, faceless spirits, and blind religious performers, the article demonstrates how bodily difference becomes a cultural language through which societies negotiate uncertainty, social boundaries, and sacred power. The study contributes to comparative folklore scholarship by bringing disability studies into dialogue with South Asian and East Asian folkloric traditions and by demonstrating the continuing relevance of traditional narratives to contemporary understandings of embodiment and difference.

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Disability Studies, Folklore, Liminality, Assamese Folklore, Japanese Folklore, Y?kai, Embodiment, Monstrosity, Sacred Bodies

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ABSTRACT Background of the study: Therefore, the researchers want to know the student's perception of academic stress and how they cope with it on daily basis, as they are struggling to reduce the negative effects on their health, and their academic performance. In our opinion, it is very important for nursing students to learn how to manage academic stress, if it cannot be eliminated. Farias Mota, conducted a transversal and quantitative study on stress among nursing students with the aim of the study was to estimate the level of stress and symptomatology reported in nursing students. Sample size involving 151 nursing students selected from a draw based on the list of students enrolled. Result of the study was 49.7% of students showed symptoms of the stress, and most students were attending the 8th and 9th periods. Psychological symptoms were more present (50.7%). The conclusion of the study was the implementation of lightweight care technology tools, at low cost and high resolutive power, such as providing information on stress, prevention and control, relaxation sessions, integrated community therapy, spaces for physical activity guided by trained professionals. There is strong evidence of an inverse relationship between stress and lack of professional knowledge among nursing students. Objectives of the study: To assess the pretest and posttest knowledge score regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among first semester BSc nursing students in selected colleges of the city in experimental and control group, to assess the effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on knowledge score regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among first semester BSc nursing students in selected colleges of the city in experimental and control group, to compare mean difference in knowledge score regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among first semester BSc nursing students in selected colleges of the city in experimental and control group, To associate the posttest knowledge score knowledge score regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among first semester BSc nursing students in selected colleges of the city in experimental group with their demographic variables. Methods: Quasi-experimental, non randomized control group design was used to assess "A quasi-experimental study to assess effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among 1st semester b. Sc nursing students in selected colleges of the city." Is the main goal of current study. Sample size was 280 1st semester Bsc nursing students in selected colleges by using Non-probability Purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at selected colleges Result: The 98.57% of first semester BSc nursing students in Experimental Group and 96.43% in control group had severe stress. before providing the video assisted teaching programme and after providing structured teaching programme, 15.71% of first semester BSc nursing students in experimental group and 46.43% in control group had moderate stress and 84.29% of first semester BSc nursing students in Experimental Group and 47.14% in control group had severe stress. Mean, standard deviation and mean difference values are compared and student's paired 't' test is applied at 5% level of significance. The tabulated value for n=140-1 i.e. 139 degrees of freedom was 1.98. The calculated 't' value i.e. 13.46 are much higher than the tabulated value at 5% level of significance for overall knowledge score of first semester BSc nursing students which is statistically acceptable level of significance. Hence it is statistically interpreted that Video Assisted Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among first semester BSc nursing students in selected nursing colleges of the city was effective. Thus the H1 is accepted. Conclusion: The study conclusively demonstrated that the video assisted teaching programme significantly improved the knowledge regarding diaphragmatic breathing exercise on pre-examination stress among 1st semester Bsc nursing students. Initially, all participants exhibited inadequate knowledge levels. following the intervention, a notable improvement was observed, the 0% in experimental group and 6.43% in control group of pre-examination stress among 1st semester Bsc nursing students. had mild level of stress score and 15.71% in experimental and 46.43% in control group of them had moderate level of stress score. 84.29% in experimental group and 47.14% in control group of pre-examination stress among 1st semester Bsc nursing students in selected colleges of the city. had Severe level of stress score. Which, signifies the positive difference between the pretest and post-test .

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KEYWORD: video assisted teaching, Diaphragmatic breathing exercise, Pre-examination stress, 1st semester BSc nursing students

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Abstract From 2020 to 2026, the subcontinent saw the emergence of an issue with respect to which traditional balance-of-power theory offers no satisfying explanation as to why overwhelming material power advantages do not necessarily equate to political dominance. By the end of the 2010s, China had established itself through its Belt and Road initiative in all ports, grids and transport links in the countries located adjacent to India, and the assumption prevalent in the literature is that material power, once acquired, should have automatically translated to strategic hegemony. It didn't. This paper aims to explore the reasons why, and how India maintained and even furthered its position despite being materially weaker than China and without matching the economic investment put forward by Beijing. Following the principles of neoclassical realism and considering geoeconomics as the form of statecraft, this paper examines four cases in which different mechanisms were applied, namely the stabilization of crises in Sri Lanka, the politics of maritime infrastructure in the Maldives, energy and transport connectivity in Bangladesh and Nepal, and coalition-based operations with Japan and the Quad. This contrast reveals that New Delhi moved away from slow, norm-driven diplomacy towards an asymmetric approach based on India's non-replicable capabilities, i.e., closeness, rapid response, regulatory authority over its own market, and the ability to bring in outside capital. There is no basis for the claim of Chinese dominance and/or Indian decline. Instead, the findings reveal competitive interdependence where smaller powers have real agency through their ability to hedge, and where power comes not just from who builds most but also from who is more embedded in the daily workings of its neighbors' economic life. This research concludes by making policy recommendations to sustain India's gains beyond 2026.

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Keywords: India; China; BRI; Neighborhood First Policy; geoeconomics; South Asia; strategic hedging; Indo-Pacific.

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However, such rapid expansion has placed a heavy burden on the administration ability of cities to manage the rising number of complaints from citizens. The growing population creates increasing demands for services, leading to an increase in requests and complaints, which overwhelms existing bureaucratic methods. At the moment, the majority of systems used to track citizen reports is technology of the old generation based on using a digital logbook. Such systems do not possess the capabilities to interpret the content of a report and assess its urgency. As a result, citizens' reports must be sorted manually, thus significantly delaying the process and creating problems for the effective allocation of resources. Such a lack of effective management results in decreasing trust, with citizens becoming uninformed about the state of affairs regarding their reports.

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Civica AI: An Agentic AI-Powered Civic Governance and Public Issue Resolution Platform Using Role-Based Intelligence, NLP, and Explainable Decision Systems

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This study investigates the mechanical performance of M60 grade high performance concrete (HPC) enhanced with steel fiber reinforcement (SFRC). Highstrength concrete, while exhibiting excellent compressive capacity, is inherently brittle and prone to tensile cracking. The incorporation of steel fibers addresses this brittleness by bridging cracks improving tensile and flexural behavior, and enhancing energy absorption post-cracking. Experimental investigations were conducted on concrete specimens with varying steel fiber dosa ges (0% to 2% by volume) and. Standard 150 mm cubic and cylindrical specimens were prepare cured for 7, and 28 days, and tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural performance according to relevant IS and ASTM standards. The study also included trials inc orporating supplementary cementitious materials (e.g., silica fume, fly ash,metakaolin) to optize the M60 mix design for workability and early strength development.

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Steel Fibers, GGBS, Fly Ash, Compressive Strength, Specific gravity

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