Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This study examines the growing cyber security challenges associated with the rapid adoption of digital financial platforms. With increasing dependence on online banking, mobile payments, and digital transactions, users are becoming more vulnerable to cyber threats such as phishing, identity theft, online fraud, and unauthorized access. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of cyber security vulnerabilities faced by digital finance users in Karnataka and to evaluate the role of cyber security awareness in reducing such risks. The objectives of the study are to identify the impact of cyber threats, particularly phishing and online fraud, on users in Karnataka and to analyze the impact of cyber security awareness among users of digital financial platforms. The study adopts a descriptive research design and uses convenience sampling to collect primary data from 401 respondents across Karnataka. Data analysis was conducted using JAMOVI software, employing statistical tools such as ANOVA and T-test to examine variations and relationships among variables. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to academic research, policy formulation, financial institutions, and digital platform providers by enhancing awareness and strengthening cyber security practices among users of digital financial services.

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 Keywords

Cyber Security Awareness, Digital Finance, Cyber Threats, Phishing Attacks, Online Fraud, Digital Financial Platforms, User behavior, Karnataka.

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This study compares the financial performance of India's largest public sector bank (State Bank of India, SBI) and largest private sector bank (ICICI Bank) over five financial years (2020-2024). Using key financial ratios--Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio, and Operating Profit Margin (OPM)--the research applies independent t-tests for statistical validation. The findings reveal that ICICI Bank significantly outperforms SBI in profitability and asset quality, while SBI maintains superior capital adequacy and operational scale. The study concludes that ownership structure continues to influence financial performance in India's banking sector, with private banks excelling in efficiency and public banks in stability. These results offer actionable insights for investors, regulators, and bank management.

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Financial performance, ratio analysis, public sector banks, private sector banks, CAMEL model, SBI, ICICI Bank, statistical validation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Depression has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century, with prevalence rates rising steadily across diverse populations. Modern lifestyles--characterized by digital overexposure, economic insecurity, urban isolation, poor dietary habits, sedentary routines, and disrupted sleep cycles--are increasingly recognized as key contributors to this trend. The constant connectivity of social media fosters comparison, loneliness, and sleep disturbances, while economic pressures and precarious employment exacerbate chronic stress. Urbanization reduces access to community support and natural environments, further intensifying feelings of isolation. Additionally, the widespread consumption of processed foods and declining physical activity levels undermine resilience against psychological stressors. Sleep disruption, driven by irregular schedules and device use, compounds these risks by destabilizing mood regulation. Together, these factors create a lifestyle environment that predisposes individuals to depression, particularly among younger populations. Understanding the interplay between modern living patterns and mental health is essential for developing preventive strategies, fostering resilience, and promoting healthier communities in an increasingly digital and urbanized world

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 Keywords

KEY WORD Depression Modern, lifestyle Social media overuse, Economic stress Urbanization, Social isolation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research investigates Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) impact on financial success within selected Indian IT firms, specifically within the timeframe of 2020 to 2025. Over recent years, organizations have begun to recognize that CSR is an important part of how they conduct their business, support sustainable development, engage in ethical business practices, and promote social good. Companies being studied are TCS, Infosys, Wipro,HCL Technologies and Tech Mahindra. Researchers will use Net Profit, Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Earnings per Share and Return on Capital as financial indicators in determining how successful an organization has been generate profit. The analysis will utilize secondary data obtained from annual reports, corporate websites, Money control and financial databases. Statistical methods employed for the analysis and interpretation of this data will include descriptive statistics, correlation and ANOVA, regression analysis and One-Sample T-Test. Results indicate that the majority of the organizations included in this study enjoy stable financial performance. Companies are also performing consistently well with respect to CSR expenditures. Overall, results suggest that CSR plays a significant role in providing sustainable business growth and developing organizations within the Indian IT industry; however, CSR"s impact on short term profit will differ from company to company.

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 Keywords

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Net Profit, Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings per Share (EPS), ANOVA, One-Sample t-Test.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blockchain technology is emerging as a powerful tool for improving supply chain management by providing transparency, traceability, security, and real-time visibility across different stages of the supply chain. Traditional supply chains often face challenges such as delayed updates, lack of trust among stakeholders, fraud, counterfeiting, poor documentation, and difficulty in tracking products from origin to destination. Blockchain helps address these issues by creating a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger where every transaction is securely recorded and shared among authorized participants. In supply chains, blockchain can be used to verify product authenticity, monitor movement of goods, support smart contracts, reduce paperwork, and improve accountability among suppliers, manufacturers, logistics providers, and customers. The technology is especially useful in industries such as logistics, healthcare, manufacturing, and retail, where secure tracking and compliance are essential. When combined with emerging technologies such as IoT and AI, blockchain can further improve automation, predictive decision-making, and product quality monitoring. This study focuses on understanding the uses, benefits, challenges, and future scope of blockchain in supply chain management

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Blockchain Technology, Supply Chain Management, Transparency, Traceability, Smart Contracts, Data Security, Fraud Reduction, Product Authentication, Decentralized Ledger, Supply Chain Efficiency,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Disputes resulting from the intersection of domain names and trademarks have emerged across the globe as a common problem. Despite more than two decades of experience, the concerns in the amicable settlement of trademark-domain name disputes have not subsided. With the growing uncertainty about the application of the traditional trademark laws, coupled with the inconsistent judicial decisions, the United States moved towards a separate law to deal with certain aspects of trademark-domain name conflicts. However, the United Kingdom still continued to deal with domain name disputes under the traditional trademark laws. Hence, the positions in the United States and the United Kingdom are found to be at opposing ends of the pendulum. The author, in this article, evaluates the traditional approach of the United Kingdom in dealing with modern-day domain name disputes by highlighting its limitations.

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Cybersquatting, Domain names, Goodwill, Passing off, Trade Marks Act 1994, Trademark infringement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Bihu, the triadic festival complex of Assam comprising Bohag, Kati, and Magh Bihu, is conventionally understood as a seasonal agrarian celebration. This paper argues that Bihu constitutes a highly sophisticated cultural system that structurally integrates traditional ecological knowledge, inter-community solidarity, and folk aesthetic philosophy. Drawing on historical texts, extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted across five districts of Assam during 2024- 2025, and semi-structured interviews with 30 key practitioners, this study conceptualizes three distinct dimensions of harmony embedded in Bihu praxis. First, ecological harmony is enacted through cattle veneration, phototactic pest management rituals, and post-harvest pyro-offerings that collectively encode indigenous environmental management. Second, social and religious harmony is performed via egalitarian Husori processions and multi-ethnic participation that actively transcend rigid caste and creed boundaries. Third, aesthetic harmony is articulated through a precise kinetic dance grammar, natural acoustic instrumentation, and symbolic textile traditions that unify the somatic body, community, and the landscape. While rapid urbanization, climate change, and digital mediation have shifted Bihu from rural courtyards to institutionalized stages and digital screens, emergent practices such as "Green Bihu" initiatives and digital diaspora performances highlight the festival's adaptive resilience. Ultimately, the paper demonstrates that Bihu offers an invaluable, living model of sustainable pluralism relevant to contemporary Northeast India, concluding with concrete policy recommendations to safeguard this intangible cultural heritage while supporting its organic adaptation.

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Keywords: Bihu, Assam, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), Festival Studies, Northeast India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indian economy has seen several phases of progression during the seven decades post independence. With rising globalization, urbanization and a transition in Indian societies, there has been a significant change in women's employment patterns. The current study highlights the participation of women in factories in various regions across India. A timeframe from 2005 to 2022 has been taken into consideration to observe the trends in such demographic change with respect to factory workers. A region-wise comparison is made to understand the trend of women employed in factories. The Government of India has laid various provisions for women in employment with respect of wage-equality, hygiene facilities, maternity benefits, working conditions and so on. The trend of women workforce participation is broadly seen to be positive across regions while there is still scope to eliminate barriers for women employment specific to factories in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Occupational Safety & Health, Registered Factories, Women Empowerment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study compares ecofeminism and indigenous knowledge by assessing similarities between short accounts of Gandhian women environmentalists in India with indigenous ecological practices developed in situ. The work is premised on non-violence, care and connection - the epistemic and ethical principles of Gandhi's tradition. Vandana Shiva, Medha Patkar, Sugathakumari, and others embody a Gandhian vision of ecological justice. Similarly, indigenous tribal earth systems, particularly in Tamil Nadu, draw upon 'place- and people-based' traditional ecological knowledge systems which are linked to their spiritual, cultural and community life. The argument draws upon ecofeminist theory, Gandhian philosophy, and ethnography to assess how women in both organized environmental movements and tribe have been positioned as caretakers of earth. With comparative perspective we have suggested that there are similarities like care and respect for nature, community space and localized conservation, and opposition to exploitative development, as well as dissimilarity in practices and contextual issues. Finally, the article suggest an ecologically based environmental ethic that regards both grassroots activism and indigenous ecological knowledge as vibrant alternatives to environmentally destructive patriarchal and capitalist systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ecofeminism, Indigenous Ecological Knowledge, Gandhian Environmentalism, Women Environmentalists

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition