Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic medicine that prevents difficulties of type 2 diabetes. It is an effective first-line therapy for obese individuals with type 2 diabetes and is presently accessible in over 60 countries worldwide. Oral anti-hyperglycemic medication metformin is frequently used for the treatment of type II diabetes, also known as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This article highlights a number of analytical techniques, including, analytical method such as Uv Spectroscopy, Hplc, Hptlc, Impurity Study, for the determination of metformin in biological matrices and medicinal formulations . Also including the data regarding impurity study of metformin in corresponding combination

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METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE ,ANALYTICAL METHOD,UV SPECTROSCOPY, HPLC, HPTLC, IMPURITY STUDY

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Cultural adaptation involves the transformation and reinterpretation of narratives when they travel across linguistic, geographical, or cultural boundaries. Within Indian English literature and its cinematic representations, adaptation becomes a powerful site of negotiation between tradition and modernity, East and West, and regional and global identities. This research explores how cultural adaptation functions within Indian English literature and its cinematic renditions, examining how narratives are restructured, hybridized, and localized to resonate with distinct cultural audiences. Drawing on adaptation theory, postcolonial studies, and Indian cinematic discourse, this paper analyses selected literary texts and their film adaptations to understand the dynamics of cultural translation and representation.

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Cultural Adaptation, Indian English Literature, Cinema, Postcolonial Theory, Hybridity, Diaspora, Film Adaptation, Identity, Translation Studies, Indian Cinema etc.

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The growing computation power has made the deep learning algorithms so powerful thatcreating a indistinguishable human synthesized video popularly called as deep fakes havebecame very simple. Scenarios where these realistic face swapped deep fakes are used to createpolitical distress, fake terrorism events, revenge porn, blackmail peoples are easily envisioned.In this work, we describe a new deep learning-based method that can effectively distinguishAI-generated fake videos from real videos.Our method is capable of automatically detectingthe replacement and reenactment deep fakes. We are trying to use Artificial Intelligence(AI) tofight Artificial Intelligence(AI). Our system uses a Res-Next Convolution neural network toextract the frame-level features and these features and further used to train the Long Short TermMemory(LSTM) based Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) to classify whether the video issubject to any kind of manipulation or not, i.e whether the video is deep fake or real video. Toemulate the real time scenarios and make the model perform better on real time data, weevaluate our method on large amount of balanced and mixed data-set prepared by mixing thevarious available data-set like Face- Forensic++[1], Deepfake detection challenge[2], andCeleb-DF[3]. We also show how our system can achieve competitive result using very simpleand robust approach.

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Res-Next Convolution neural network. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN).Long Short Term Memory(LSTM). Computer vision

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M.K. Gandhi was the greatest leader of Indian freedom movement. The Gandhian socialism is the branch of socialism based on the National interpretation of the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. He advocates for a decentralized, self-reliant, egalitarian society, prioritizing truth, non-violence and trusteeship in his socialism. This socialism generally centers on "Hind Swaraj", "Sarvodaya" or Indian Home Rule authored by Gandhi. It emphasizes village level self-governance, economic self-sufficiency and social justice, often with tradition approach to modernization and industrialization. The key aspects of the economic policies of this socialism are based on ethics. The idea of Sarvodaya or universal uplift is based upon and optimistic interpretation of human nature. At the heart of the Gandhian socialism is the belief in achieving social and political change through peaceful and truthful means.

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Egalitarian society, Hind Swaraj, Trusteeship, Sarvodaya.

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Nanoparticles are tiny carriers designed to deliver drugs directly to affected tissues, improving treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. Their minute size allows them to cross biological barriers, and their surfaces can be decorated with ligands for precise targeting. Both biodegradable (like PLGA, chitosan) and inorganic materials (such as gold, iron oxide) are being researched for applications in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular therapies. While promising, challenges like manufacturing consistency, safety, and regulatory approval remain significant.

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Nanoparticles, Targeted Drug Delivery, Nanomedicine, Liposomes Polymeric Nanoparticles, Passive Targeting, Active Targeting, Controlled Release, Theranostics, Blood-Brain Barrier

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Thyroid disorders, encompassing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are critical global health challenges that significantly impact metabolic and systemic functions. This review decisively examines both established and innovative therapeutic strategies for managing these conditions, with a particular emphasis on treatments for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. For hypothyroidism, levothyroxine tablets are the gold standard therapy, delivering reliable hormone replacement. Combination therapy using levothyroxine and liothyronine is an effective alternative for patients who continue to experience symptoms despite standard treatment. Furthermore, novel delivery methods, including soft gel and liquid formulations, as well as injectable and rectal preparations of levothyroxine, have been successfully developed to address specific patient needs, such as enhanced bio availability and absorption. Emerging therapeutic systems, such as implantable drug delivery technologies are poised to revolutionize treatment adherence and ensure precise hormone release. In the realm of hyperthyroidism management, traditional antithyroid drug therapies serve as the cornerstone of treatment. Rectal administration of these drugs provides a practical option for patients unable to tolerate oral medications. Additionally, injectable formulations offer vital flexibility in clinical management, particularly for acute cases. This paper deliberates the latest advancements in both standard and alternative therapies, firmly highlighting the evolving landscape of thyroid disorder management. It aims to inform clinicians and researchers about cutting-edge approaches to optimize patient care, effectively addressing gaps in current therapeutic practices for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

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Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Rectal administration, liothyronine and bio-availability

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Any nation's economic progress is significantly influenced by entrepreneurship. An important component of the economy is entrepreneurship. prosperity of a country since it promotes exports, industrialization, rural development, employment creation, national income contribution, and technical advancement, among other things.The government of India has sometimes launched a number of programs to encourage the growth of entrepreneurship in the nation. Indian policymakers have taken an interest in entrepreneurship. A number of high level programs have been introduced to encourage the growth of the private sector, such as Startup India. For many policy analysts, however, the function of entrepreneurship in development is still unclear. This article focuses on the promotion of entrepreneurship in India through the 'STARTUP INDIA' scheme.

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start-up

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INTRODUCTION: The term Malahara originated from the root word Malham or Marham taken from Unani system of medicine. It is a unique dosage form used for topical application. It has been inducted to Ayurveda Pharmaceuticals and first reference can be seen in Yogaratnakara. The base material for its preparation can be Taila (Oil), Ghrita (Ghee), Sikta (Bees wax), Sarjarasa (Shorea Robusta) etc. to the Filtered base fine powder of medicinal drugs are added to obtained required consistency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The formulation Sarjarasa Malahara is a unique preparation comprising of Sarjarasa (Shorea Robusta), Madhuchista (Bees wax), Tuttha Bhasma (Copper Sulphate), Karpura (Cinnamum Camphora), TilaTaila (Sesamum Indicum). It is indicated in Padadari (Cracks heels). It was prepared as per classical reference. OBSERVATION AND RESULT: The consistency of prepared formulation was Semisolid, with greenish color and characteristic odour. Yield of Sarjarasa Malahara (Sarjarasa ointment) was 4050 grams which was preserved into airtight container. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The Malahara preparation exhibits therapeutic benefits like Vranashodhana (Cleansing), Ropana (Healing). Sarjasara Malahara helpful for reducing Padadari (Crack heel) and its late complications. And is an effective formulation with good therapeutic activity for external application without producing any harmful effects in clinical use.

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Keywords: Malahara, Karpoora, bees wax, Sarjarasa, Sarjarasa Malahara, Lepa.

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The rapid global transition to renewable energy sources has highlighted the need for efficient and intelligent monitoring systems for solar power generation. This project presents an AI-based Solar Electrical Power Monitoring System designed to enhance the performance, reliability, and predictive capabilities of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations. The system integrates IoT-enabled sensors to collect real-time data on electrical output, irradiance, temperature, and other environmental parameters. Artificial intelligence algorithms, including machine learning and deep learning models, are employed to forecast solar energy production, detect anomalies, and optimize energy usage. By utilizing tools such as TensorFlow, Scikit-learn, and cloud platforms like AWS or Google Cloud, the system offers automated analytics, predictive maintenance alerts, and intelligent load balancing. Visualization tools like Grafana and Blynk provide intuitive dashboards for users to monitor performance remotely. This approach not only improves operational efficiency and reduces downtime but also supports smart grid integration and sustainable energy management. The proposed system demonstrates the potential of AI in transforming conventional solar power systems into smart, adaptive, and self-optimizing energy networks.

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Solar Energy, Photovoltaic (PV) System, Electrical Power Monitoring, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Predictive Maintenance, Anomaly Detection, Solar Forecasting, Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Grid, Renewable Energy, Energy Optimization, Deep Learning, Real-Time Monitoring, Energy Management System (EMS), Data Analytics, Edge Computing, LSTM Neural Network, Cloud Computing, Visualization Dashboard.

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The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of dispersible tablets of Cefixime Trihydrate, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic widely used to treat various bacterial infections. The primary objective was to develop a patient-friendly dosage form with improved compliance, particularly for pediatric and geriatric populations who experience difficulty swallowing conventional tablets. Dispersible tablets were formulated using direct compression method, incorporating suitable superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and croscarmellose sodium in varying concentrations. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pre-compression parameters including angle of repose, bulk density, and compressibility index, as well as post-compression parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time, drug content, and in vitro dissolution. Among the various formulations, the batch containing crospovidone at 4% w/w demonstrated the best performance, with rapid disintegration (under 60 seconds), optimal mechanical strength, and over 95% drug release within 30 minutes. The study concludes that a stable, effective, and patient-compliant dispersible tablet of Cefixime Trihydrate can be successfully developed using appropriate formulation strategies and excipients.

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Dispersible Tablet, Cefixime Trihydrate, Direct Compression Method, Central Composite Design.

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