Volume 14 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: International trade is an engine of economic growth improvement of international trade helps in improving balance of payment condition. The balance of payment is an economic barometer it measures country economic growth.in this context government take various measures in order to improve international trade as well as balance of payment. Among all the policies "Liberalisation, Privatization, Globalisation" is very effective policy undertaken by government in the year 1991 helps in make tremendous changes in balance of payment. The purpose of this paper is to examine impact of economic reforms on balance of payment situation.

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KEY WORDS: International trade, Balance of payment, Economic reforms

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The research examines the training and development programs of the employee's working in CCL, focuses on economic and social life of employee based on feedback from 152 employees. CCL was bought in Jharkhand for the production of coal and supply of power all over the world because Jharkhand was known for industries. This study evaluates the employee's performance by analyzing various training programs, facilities provided to them and many other programs. The research also focuses on the development of the organization and achievement of goal on time. However employee faces many challenges while working in CCL as working in mining sector is risky and hard. The main objective of the research is to know about the employee training and development, and growth of the organization. The research mainly focuses on the training towards modern techniques. The paper focuses on the coal mining industries a vital sector in Indian economy. Employee's security is the primary concern of Indian economy which is distracting Indian economy a lot. CCL is still back at implementing modern technology. Planning and implementation shows the company strategy and growth. The current emphasis is on the exploitation of shallow coal reserve using open cast mining techniques, mostly in Jharkhand.

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training and development, economic and social life, techniques, organization, technology.

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Introduction: The increasing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles and respiratory inefficiencies in modern society has led to a growing interest in integrative health approaches. Oxygen utilization is a vital physiological process influencing cellular metabolism, energy production, and overall health. Yogic practices, particularly Bandhas combined with Pranayama, have been traditionally recognized for their regulatory effects on respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Jalandhara Bandha, a classical yogic lock, is believed to influence oxygen dynamics through neurophysiological and hemodynamic mechanisms. Aim: To review Jalandhara Bandha and its role in modulating oxygen utilization in the human body. Objectives: 1.To study the concept of Jalandhara Bandha in yogic science. 2.To analyze its mechanism of action on respiratory efficiency and oxygen utilization. Materials and Methods: Classical yogic texts and contemporary scientific literature were reviewed. Electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and AYUSH research portals were searched using keywords such as "Jalandhara Bandha," "oxygen utilization," "pranayama," and "respiratory efficiency." Discussion: Jalandhara Bandha, practiced during Pranayama and Kumbhaka, influences physiological functions through carotid sinus stimulation, autonomic modulation, and alteration in blood flow dynamics. It is suggested to enhance oxygen utilization by improving pulmonary efficiency, optimizing hemoglobin function, and facilitating better tissue oxygenation. Additionally, it may contribute to nitric oxide release, erythropoietin stimulation, and mitochondrial efficiency, thereby supporting cellular respiration and energy metabolism. Conclusion: Jalandhara Bandha plays a significant role in enhancing respiratory efficiency and oxygen utilization through multiple physiological pathways. As a non-invasive yogic intervention, it holds potential in improving cardiopulmonary health and overall metabolic function. However, further scientific validation through controlled studies is required.

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Jalandhara Bandha, Kumbhaka, Oxygen Utilization, Pranayama, Respiratory Efficiency, Yoga Physiology

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The traditional way of keeping attendance record cards is not only a tedious task but also a cumbersome one, involving several chances of human errors. To tackle the problem mentioned above, this research project proposes to implement an "IoT-Based Classroom Attendance and Performance Management System". It is an online system that simulates some basic features of the Internet of Things, including real-time data updating, data centralisation, and digital monitoring in the context of academics. This IoT-based attendance system provides different login credentials to faculty and students separately for a smooth and safe access to academic records. Using the system, professors can perform activities like adding student profiles, marking attendance records each day, and using a digital dashboard. Not only this, but they can also access attendance records from any specified date and find out which students attended classes on that day or remained absent from the class. Besides, a timetable viewing facility is available for both faculty members and students. From the student's side, the attendance system provides them with a digital dashboard where they can view their attendance percentage, attendance records for the whole semester, and the timetable. The incorporation of IoT-based digital aspects in classroom management through this study makes classroom management more transparent, efficient, accessible, and accurate when it comes to maintaining records of education. The research contributes towards attaining quality education (SDG 4) because it eliminates paperwork and minimises human error.

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Internet of Things (IoT), Smart Classroom, Attendance Management, Academic Performance, Real-Time Monitoring, Quality Education

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Digital innovation has created new pathways for inclusive development by lowering entry barriers to entrepreneurship for women and youth in emerging economies such as India. However, persistent gaps in skills, finance and social norms limit the full realisation of this potential. This paper examines how digital entrepreneurship contributes to inclusive development for women and youth in India, with a specific focus on access to skills, finance, markets and social empowerment outcomes. Drawing on secondary data, policy documents, and recent empirical studies, the paper adopts a descriptive-analytical research design to synthesise evidence on digital inclusion initiatives and their impact on marginalised groups. The analysis highlights that targeted digital literacy programmes, startup promotion schemes and gender-responsive innovation ecosystems have expanded opportunities for women and youth to participate as job creators rather than only job seekers. At the same time, the findings reveal structural constraints such as limited access to growth capital, inadequate gender-disaggregated data and entrenched patriarchal norms that hinder scale and sustainability. The study concludes that digital entrepreneurship can serve as a powerful lever for inclusive development when embedded in multi-stakeholder, gender-responsive, and youth-centric policy frameworks that integrate skills, finance, mentoring, and social protection. Policy recommendations are offered to strengthen digital ecosystems, making innovation-driven growth more equitable and inclusive for women and youth across regions and socio-economic groups in India.

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Women, Inclusive Development, Gender Equality, Digital skills and literacy, Skill India, AI literacy

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Abstract Background: Fear of childbirth (tokophobia) is a growing concern among primigravida women, often linked to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objectives: To assess the level of fear of childbirth among primigravida women in a selected hospital of Dehradun. Methods: A descriptive research design was adopted. A total of 120 primigravida women were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured tokophobia scale. Reliability and validity of the tool were ensured through expert review and pilot testing. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained. Results: Findings revealed that 17.5% of participants had low fear, 77.5% had moderate fear, and 5% experienced high fear of childbirth. Conclusion: The majority of primigravida women experienced moderate levels of fear, highlighting the need for antenatal counselling, psychological support, and effective childbirth preparation programs to reduce tokophobia and promote positive maternal health outcomes. Keywords: Tokophobia, childbirth fear, primigravida women, maternal health, psychological support.

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Keywords: Tokophobia, childbirth fear, primigravida women, maternal health, psychological support.

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Dakshin Bange Bharat Chharo Andoloner Prasangikata

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Dakshin Bange Bharat Chharo Andoloner Prasangikata

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The use of concrete is truly large and day by day the cost of the conventional material cost is also rising. So, it is beneficial to use the optional materials for making the concrete. The project focuses on coarse aggregate in concrete. In this project work, the study has been done on the replacement of coarse aggregate with demolished brick aggregate known as jhama brick. The optional source is jhama brick as a coarse aggregate. Jhama brick produced due to over burning. The brick has irregular shape and it is also used as coarse aggregate in some places where the stone aggregate is not effortlessly available or if available its cost is high. These rejected bricks can also be an implicit source of coarse aggregate. It's partly or completely a replacement of the conventional material. We replaced the coarse aggregate in ratios of 15%, 25% and 35% in M25 grade of concrete. A complete thirty-eight numbers of concrete samples are cast with and while not crushed jhama bricks. Tests are conducted on fresh and hardened cement concrete, for example, compressive strength test, split tensile tests and flexural test at 7 days and 28 days of curing period. The 25% replacement of jhama brick is considered as the best because of strength and economy, hence we use it in enough loaded structures the result shows that the aggregate that concrete derived from jhama brick aggregate attained lower strength than the regular concrete.

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Jhama brick, Compressive strength test, Split tensile test and Flexural strength

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The AI-Powered Personalised Nutrition and Diet Recommendation System is an intelligent web-based platform designed to provide customised diet plans based on an individual's health profile, lifestyle, and nutritional requirements. The system collects user information such as age, gender, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), activity level, health conditions, and dietary preferences through an interactive web interface. Using Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning techniques, the platform analyses nutritional datasets and predicts suitable meal plans that ensure a balanced intake of macronutrients and micronutrients. In addition to personalised diet generation, the system incorporates advanced features such as AI-based nutrient deficiency detection, which analyses dietary patterns to identify possible nutrient gaps and recommend appropriate foods. A food image recognition module allows users to upload images of meals, enabling the system to estimate calories and nutritional values automatically. The platform also supports disease- specific diet recommendations for conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, ensuring safe and targeted dietary guidance. Furthermore, the application generates a smart weekly grocery list based on the recommended meal plans, helping users easily purchase required ingredients and maintain a consistent diet routine. A monitoring dashboard tracks calorie intake, nutrient balance, and dietary progress over time. By integrating intelligent recommendation algorithms with a scalable web application, the system provides real-time dietary guidance, improves accessibility to personalised nutrition management, and promotes preventive healthcare and sustainable lifestyle choices through data-driven diet planning.

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Artificial Intelligence, Personalised Nutrition, Diet Recommendation System, Nutrient Deficiency Detection, Food Image Recognition, Calorie Tracking, Health Informatics, Machine Learning

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ABSTRACT Cyber security has become a serious concern that requires the attention of researchers, academicians, and industries to secure information systems. With the world ever digitizing and out of various people and organizations trying to adapt to this new ecosystem for sustenance, we are inevitably being faced with newer cyber threats. AI assists cybersecurity professionals in automating basic tasks, hastening threat detection and response, and fine-tuning their actions. It improves the security stance to face multiple threat vectors and types of cyberattacks. This is one example for safer online behavior of end users through comprehensive training programs. This paper illuminates the trends and future research on generative AI application in cybersecurity. In enjoying the promise of stronger security that could be made possible through generative AI methods, it also warned about the importance of "robust defenses" against perpetrators relying on them. Show more, it further notes the ethical considerations of using generative AI for malicious activities and underlines best practices of responsible and ethics-driven application.

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Keywords: Secure digital infrastructure, Reliable systems, Improving security frameworks, and system protection, Security models, Information security, Data-driven innovation.

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