Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Oral cancer remains a pressing global public health concern with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Its multifactorial etiology, strong association with tobacco and alcohol use, and increasing linkage to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection highlight the urgent need for preventive strategies, early diagnosis, and appropriate management. This review explores the global burden, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, preventive strategies, and public health implications of oral cancer, drawing attention to the need for comprehensive interventions and equitable healthcare delivery systems.

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Oral cancer, low- and middle-income countries, public health, tobacco

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Advertising is an essential part of marketing plans for companies and has a big influence on consumer behaviour. Advertising stimulates customer desire for goods and services by appealing to their emotional and psychological needs. Advertising's main goals are to increase consumer awareness, pique their interest, and influence their buying decisions. The positive and bad effects of advertising are highlighted in this survey of the literature on how advertising affects consumer behaviour. The study comes to the conclusion that while advertising might enhance brand awareness and revenue, it can also foster overspending and inflated expectations. Businesses must comprehend how advertising affects consumer behaviour and employ it properly.

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Advertisement, Awareness, Behaviour, Consumer, Product, Internet culture, digital media, online communities, cultural transformation, hybrid cultural forms, cultural consumption and production, traditional vs. modern culture, negative impacts of digital culture, cultural expression online, digital technologies and society

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This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence in demand forecasting within logistics and supply chain management. It highlights how AI enhances accuracy, efficiency, and decision-making through real-world case studies and industry insights

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AI , Demand Forecasting

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This paper offers a review of the literature on the theoretical and practical working of SAR ADC for 12-bit resolution and 40-50 MSPS in SCL 180nm technology. Data convertors are essential in any digital processing system. It is instrumental in acquiring sensor data in a meaningful way. In the process of circuit miniaturization, Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with its simple structure, moderate speed and low power consumption, it is widely used in application fields such as mobile devices, wireless communication, smart sensors, medical imaging and industrial automation. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems require high-resolution, power-efficient Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) capable of operating reliably in noisy and radiation-prone environments. This literature review examines recent advancements in Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs, highlighting technologies and techniques that address challenges such as resolution accuracy under noise, power-speed-area trade-offs, and the demand for cost-effective, robust designs. Reference papers were studied, focusing on high-speed, low power architectures, comparator enhancements, DAC innovations, and layout-level implementations in SCL 180nm technology.

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), SAR, C-DAC, Resolution

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The current study was undertaken to assess and evaluate feasibility and existing infrastructure of libraries in the government secondary schools across the region of Ladakh UT. The study was focused both on Leh and Kargil districts. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving a total of 750 participants, comprising 650 students and 100 teachers from 16 government secondary schools. Same number of schools were taken i.e., 8 each from Leh and Kargil to study the whole region. The participants represented a mix of genders, diverse age ranges, and various academic backgrounds, including different student subjects and class levels, ensuring a randomized and inclusive dataset. Of the total respondents, 430 participants (57.3%) were from Leh and 320 (42.7%) from Kargil, reflecting a fairly balanced geographical representation. The finding during this study reveals a critical infrastructural gap, which shows none of the surveyed schools possess a dedicated library building for the students or staff. Instead, all existing libraries operate out of repurposed rooms within the main school structures. This lack of designated space significantly compromises the quality of library services and undermines the students' ability to access a quiet and focused study environment. The study serves as a crucial step towards addressing educational disparities in Ladakh and these results highlight an urgent need for policy-level interventions and infrastructural investment to strengthen educational support systems in the region.

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Study to Assess the Feasibility of Library Infrastructure in Secondary Schools of Ladakh

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"Local self-government" possesses a "prolonged and esteemed tradition" in numerous nations. In certain instances, it is a nascent and delicate organism, while in others, it has not yet undergone rigorous examination. The apprehension over the "enhancement of local governance" is, nonetheless, not a "novel occurrence". Its "philosophic roots" trace back to the writings of French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau, who, captivated by the burgeoning Swiss democracy, described "local government" as the "training ground for democratic development". Furthermore, the "Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992" articulates that 'In light of the experiences over the past forty years and the identified deficiencies, there exists a pressing necessity to enshrine specific fundamental and essential characteristics of Panchayati Raj Institutions within the Constitution to ensure certainty, continuity, and fortification.'", it is imperative to reassess the pertinent "constitutional provisions" and implement necessary modifications to achieve the authentic "Gram Swaraj envisioned by Gandhi". Meanwhile, the necessary changes, empowerment, and equipping of the "Panchayats" should advance without delay. "North-Eastern States" possess distinct "legal frameworks" regarding "Decentralised Governance". "Arunachal Pradesh is governed by 'Part IX' with certain restrictions, such as the absence of reservations for Scheduled Castes (SCs)." "6 districts of Assam, the entirety of Meghalaya, a portion of Tripura, and 2 districts of Mizoram are encompassed by the Sixth Schedule. "The review paper examines the Decentralization and Local Government Administration Empowerment of Tribal's Community in North-Eastern States"

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Decentralization, Local Governments, Marginalization, Rights, and Reservation Tribal

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Polycystic ovarian disease is a lifestyle disorder that affects millions of women worldwide with no specific etiology and it manifests as group of symptoms making its diagnosis difficult. PCOS is characterized by small cysts in the ovary where the women experience reproductive, hormonal and psychological imbalances which results in obesity, anovulatory cycle associated with Primary or Secondary infertility, hirsutism, irregular menstrual periods, excessive androgen levels,pregnancy related complications. The sedentary lifestyle, dietary variations, lack of exercise and stress are contributory factors. Decoding the exact cause of PCOS remains a challenge for scientists around the world. However,it's understood that PCOS is influenced by a combination of genetics and lifestyle factors. Stress is playing important factor in exaggerating PCOS. Yoga blends restorative gentle Yoga (supported postures), breath work (Paranayam) and meditation techniques combined in such a way that it is an excellent choice of treatment for PCOS.Treatment includes lifestyle modification, weight loss, stress management. Yoga can prove to be effective. Yoga poses stretch the pelvic area and Pranayama, meditation soothe the mind and thus Yoga regulates the endocrine glands in the body thereby beneficial in balancing of hormone levels. Yoga is one of the refreshing and effective for bringing the body into balance state and reducing stress.

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PCOS, Therapeutic Yoga, Pranayam

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In India, spirituality and philosophy are inseparable. Because Indian spirituality's fundamental element is philosophy. Swami John Spiers was a disciple of Nataraja Guru who was the founder of Narayana Gurukulam. Narayana Gurukulam 's aim is to propagate the ideologies and philosophies of Sree Narayana Guru. Sree Narayana Guru was one of the pioneering social reformer and philosopher of India.

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Narayana Gurukulam, Nataraja Guru, Swami JohnSpiers, Values, Ideologies ,Philosophy.

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Abstract: This article examines Ritesh Batra's 2013 film "The Lunchbox" through the intersecting lenses of hybrid consciousness theory and culinary studies. In contrast to the rapidly advancing, AI-driven mechanized systems of food production and standardized notions of immunity, this film presents taste as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the intuitive and imaginative faculties of the human mind. Notably, the cook has never seen the consumer, yet the taste is cultivated in a hybrid space of mutual understanding and respect. By analyzing the accidental exchange of lunchboxes between a neglected housewife and a lonely widower in Mumbai, this study explores how food transcends its material essence to become a medium of communication and connection. The dabbawala delivery system serves as both a setting of the plot and as a metaphor for the hybrid spaces where individual consciousness extends beyond the self through culinary expression. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from food studies, phenomenology and cultural theory, this article argues that "The Lunchbox" presents food as a transformative force that bridges social divides, creates intimate connections despite physical absence, and functions as an extension of consciousness across Mumbai's complex social and quite urban geography. The analysis contributes to emerging scholarship on food cinema and the philosophical dimensions of culinary practice in contemporary global contexts.

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Keywords: Hybrid Consciousness, Culinary Studies, Indian Cinema, Food Communication, Sensory Experience, Interpersonal Connection, Dabbawala System

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Cryptography is a fundamental means for ensuring digital information confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Not every encryption algorithm is that powerful and effective in design, key size, and implementation. This paper introduces a machine learning system for automatically classifying the security grades of cryptographic algorithms from encrypted image data by feature extraction. The system classifies encryption outcomes into three grades: Weak, Acceptable, and Strong, in terms of statistical and structural image features.The method begins with a set of grayscale images and color images. An image is encrypted by using one of five algorithms: AES, DES, ChaCha20, Caesar Cipher, or XOR. In order to accommodate color images, features are computed independently on RGB channels and averaged to generate homogeneous descriptors. Grayscale images are handled natively. 14 features are obtained from each encrypted image, including entropy, contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, PSNR, MSE, skewness, kurtosis, SSIM, edge mean, edge standard deviation, edge entropy, and edge density. These features describe the statistical complexity and structural transformations caused by encryption.For dataset labeling, feature standardization and quantile-based binning are used collectively to label every sample with a security level. This is to enable an even dataset to prevent model bias. The labeled data are utilized to train a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification with hyperparameters optimized via grid search and cross-validation. Comparison is also made using Random Forest and XGBoost models based on performance. Feature selection tools such as SelectKBest and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) are also utilized to identify top contributors to classification. Experimental results show the classification accuracy of 59% with high precision and recall for highly encrypted samples. F1-scores and confusion matrices confirm model reliability. Correlation, PSNR, and entropy features are found to be strong predictors of encryption strength.This paper presents a practical and scalable solution to the evaluation of encryption effectiveness using image analysis with security audit, encryption verification, and digital forensics implications. Future work is the addition of real-time analysis support and the extension to other media formats like audio and video.

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 Keywords

Cryptography, Image Encryption, Security Level Classification, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Image Analysis, Statistical Features, XGBoost, Random Forest

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