Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

Global food security is largely dependent on crop health, but plant diseases continue to pose a significant problem for farmers everywhere. Conventional methods of diagnosing chronic illnesses are frequently inaccurate and necessitate a significant investment of time, energy, and specialized knowledge.This project introduces LeafWatch, an intelligent and effective system that detects plant leaf diseases using image processing techniques. After taking pictures of the leaves, the system applies a number of processes, such as preprocessing (cleaning the image), segmentation (separating the leaf from the background), feature extraction (identifying the salient features), and classification algorithms to determine the disease.The findings demonstrate that LeafWatch is a useful tool for farmers since it can precisely identify common plant illnesses.

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 Keywords

Plant Disease Detection, Image Processing, Feature Extraction, Classification, Automated Agriculture

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In every social system, there exists a power play. For those who are powerful; language, religion and discourse are the tools to retain their power. They occupy the center by creating a boundary around them beyond which there is no access for certain groups. Though an interdisciplinary concept, marginality is widely discussed in the field of post-colonial literature and in studies regarding race and ethnicity. Often along with content, the structural aspects of a text play a crucial role in deciding its place in the literary domain. This paper is an attempt to read The Autobiography of Malcolm X as a text about breaking the margins with special reference to its rhetorical strategies and techniques.

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 Keywords

Marginalization, racism, identity, Malcolm X, margin, power relations, racial binary, resistance, transformation, self realization, Rhetoric.

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In Indian criminal justice system the prosecution agency though play a very important role, has been always shrouded with problems and controversies. It should always be kept in mind that the criminal justice system is most sensitive area of social well being. An unjust conviction or harmful punishment is as bad for the peace and progress of society as an escape from conviction or a lenient punishment. Thus in order to achieve just and fair criminal administration system the public prosecutor plays a very significant role. In order to understand the role of public prosecutor it is necessary to understand that the sole aim of prosecution is not conviction but to bring out the truth and to do justice between the parties.

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indian criminal justice system, public prosecution, crpc

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Talking about the quality of education and education system is a matter of great fond, because it is a problem in the world of education that has not achieved optimal learning outcomes as expected by the parents, society and Government. To improve the quality of education at national level, the government has made numerous efforts such as curriculum renewal, refining the quality of teachers, improving textbooks, adding teaching aids, and other efforts related to improving the quality of education. Apart from being a facilitator, teachers must be creative and have interesting ways of learning, one of which is by using a variety of learning models, so that students are not bored in learning. Learning Models are patterns that serve as guides for creating instructional materials for tutorials or in-person classes, according to Trianto (2018). The learning model, which contains approaches, techniques, and learning methods, can be inferred from the aforementioned opinion as a guide for teachers in carrying out the teaching and learning process in the classroom. The Jurisprudential Inquiry model is one of the learning strategies that is thought to enhance the teaching and learning process. The Jurisprudential Inquiry model was developed by Donal Oliver James P. Shaver (Wena, 2019). This learning model is designed to train students' information processing skills and be able to solve problems that occur in society, a frame of reference and a way of thinking about problems that exist in society so that it can create a sense of social sensitivity. The objectives of this study are i) to find the effectiveness of Jurisprudential Inquiry Model of teaching on Academic Achievement in Social Science and Social Intelligence of Secondary Students and the same with respect to gender too. A sample of 100 secondary students selected on the basis of stratified random sampling technique was selected for the study with pretest posttest experimental group design. Mean. Standard Deviation, t -test, and Correlation were the statistical Techniques used. SPSS was used for data analysis. Based on the analysis of data, findings were arrived and educational implications were drawn.

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 Keywords

Jurisprudential Inquiry Model (JIM), Facilitator, Learning Models, Instructional Materials and Learning Strategies

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Students' academic success is shaped by a range of psychological and environmental factors, one of which is their interest in specific subjects. Social Studies, in particular, plays a significant role in influencing students' motivation, engagement, and overall academic performance. This study investigates how students' interest in social studies effects their overall academic achievement among secondary school students in Arsikere, Hassan District. The current study looks at the impact of social studies interest on academic achievement among secondary school students in Hassan District, Karnataka. A stratified random sample of 90 Class IX students was drawn from a variety of schools to ensure that both boys and girls were represented. Self-developed the Interest Scale in Social Studies to examine the students' interest in social studies and academic achievement scores were obtained from school office records. The data was analyzed using Karl Pearson's correlation and the independent samples 't'-test. The study found a substantial positive relationship between social studies interest and academic achievement. Furthermore, students from government schools outperformed those from private aided and unaided schools, demonstrating that both social studies interest and school type are important factors in students' academic achievement. These findings highlight the need of increasing student engagement in social studies and improving the academic environment across all school types.

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 Keywords

Social Studies, Interest, Academic Achievement, Secondary School Students, Influence

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c++ the classic system programming language which is the extension of c is a highly accepted and used language , like c cannot become an obsolete language, so is c++ A Language which is the language of masses,c++ continues to hold its prominence it is used in AI and machine learning,game development, desktop applications A language which cannot be ignored is both c and c++ languages

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obsolete, masses, prominence

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This paper emphasises on the symbiotic relationship between media literacy and cultural hegemony. It attempts to focus on the contextual meaning of both media literacy and culture by giving a brief historical overview of societal norms from media perspective and bring to the fore the interrelatedness of culture and media. Media Literacy and cultural hegemony are interconnected notions that emphasises on how media influences societal values and customs. Media literacy empowers individuals to critically analyse media messages, while cultural hegemony refers to the dominance of certain perspectives and values within a society often reinforced by media. Media literacy helps individuals resist hegemonic influences by fostering critical thinking and media analytical skills. Media plays a vital role in shaping and maintaining cultural hegemony. By controlling the narratives and perspectives presented in media, powerful groups can influence public opinion and reinforce their dominance.

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Media Literacy, Cultural Hegemony, Subalterns, Marxists economics

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As the urban fleet of vehicles is growing rapidly, parking management by intelligent and automated means has become more important. This paper proposes a real-time smart parking system utilizing computer vision and deep learning methods for vehicle detection, dynamic assignment of slots, and automatic billing. The suggested system uses the YOLOv8 object detection model to detect license plates from images with high accuracy followed by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) with added image pre-processing and luminosity normalization to ensure enhanced accuracy in extracting text. After identifying a license plate, the system auto-assigns available parking slots, captures entry and exit times, and computes charges for the stay duration. All parking transactions, including encoded plate images and timestamps, are recorded in an Excel-based database. The suggested framework presents a scalable, cost-efficient, and low-cost solution to urban traffic and parking management issues.

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Smart parking system, License plate recognition, YOLOv8, Optical character recognition (OCR), Dynamic parking slot allocation, Automated billing, Urban traffic management

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ABSTRACT Purpose This paper investigates the psychological biases and behavioural patterns influencing individual investment decisions in India. It particularly examines how demographic factors, confidence levels, and information sources shape the way investors behave in financial markets. Design/Methodology/Approach A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 25 individual investors across different age groups and educational levels. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and correlation coefficients, were applied to identify significant patterns and relationships. Findings The study found that overconfidence and herd behaviour were the most prominent behavioural biases. A moderate correlation was observed between self-reported market confidence and herd-following tendencies. Education level did not show a statistically significant relationship with susceptibility to these biases. Diversification emerged as the most frequently used strategy to counter bias-driven risks. Practical Implications The results underscore the importance of incorporating behavioural insights into investor education programs and financial advisory services. By addressing common cognitive biases, these interventions can promote more rational and informed investment behaviour. Originality/Value This study contributes region-specific empirical data to the growing field of behavioural finance, highlighting the unique characteristics of Indian retail investors. It bridges the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical financial behaviour in emerging markets.

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Behavioural finance, investor psychology, overconfidence bias, loss aversion, investment decision-making.

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With the growing integration of digital technology in education and daily life, smartphones have become indispensable tools, particularly among university students. However, this convenience comes with consequences--prolonged use of smartphones has been increasingly associated with musculoskeletal issues, including altered cervical posture. One of the most common postural abnormalities observed in frequent smartphone users is Forward Head Posture (FHP), a condition where the head is positioned anteriorly in relation to the body's vertical axis. FHP has been linked to increased cervical spine strain and may contribute to upper limb nerve compressions.

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 Keywords

Forward Head Posture, Smartphone Addiction, Upper Limb Nerve Compression, University Students, Ergonomics, Neural Tension

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