Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Micro, small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Coimbatore district. It prove AI adoption patterns, benefit, and challenge face up by theseEnterprises .

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MSME , ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , TECHNICAL EXPERTNESS , CHAR BOTS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research examines the key drivers of export competitiveness in the machinery industry, with emphasis on improving performance in overseas markets. Employing primary and secondary data, it establishes production costs, technological innovation, trade p olicy, and international demand as key drivers of competitiveness. The study comprises survey -based analysis of 122 respondents from the machinery sector and uses statistical means such as ANOVA, chi-square and regression to decipher the critical findings. Insights indicate that although digitalization and automation are at the forefront of priorities, cost efficiency is equally a high priority, while innovation especially in product customization and customer service remains untapped. Yet, strong statistical associations between digital strategies and competitiveness measures were relatively non-existent, which suggests a gap in implementation effectiveness. The research ends with practical recommendations for policymakers and companies to use technology, digital tools, and R&D to enhance their global positioning and maintain growth in an increasingly competitive world of exports

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Export Competitiveness, Machinery Exports, Export Strategy, Cost efficiency, Innovation and Technology

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The global agricultural sector faces mounting pressure to meet the food demands of a growing population while minimizing environmental harm. Conventional farming practices, heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers, have led to soil degradation, reduced biodiversity, and greenhouse gas emissions. Against this backdrop, the exploration of microbiome-based interventions in agriculture has emerged as a promising solution. This review explores the synergistic integration of microbial-assisted breeding (MAB) and the development of microbiome-centric biofertilizers to enhance plant health, stress resilience, and productivity in a sustainable manner. Microbial-assisted breeding is a relatively novel approach that combines classical plant breeding techniques with insights from microbial ecology and molecular biology. It focuses on selecting or engineering plant genotypes that can actively shape and maintain beneficial microbial communities--termed the phytomicrobiome--within their rhizosphere, endosphere, or phyllosphere. These microbial partners, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), mycorrhizal fungi, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, play a crucial role in nutrient cycling, hormone regulation, pathogen suppression, and abiotic stress tolerance. Unlike traditional biofertilizers that are often applied without considering plant genotype compatibility, MAB allows for a more targeted and stable establishment of beneficial microbes through host-mediated selection. The review further delves into the role of cutting-edge technologies such as metagenomics, amplicon sequencing, and microbial trait mapping in identifying key microbial taxa associated with high-yielding or stress-tolerant crop varieties. By integrating these insights, breeders can now select plant varieties not just for yield and disease resistance but also for their ability to recruit and sustain a beneficial microbiome. Parallelly, advances in synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9, and AI-based modeling have enabled the design of next-generation microbial inoculants that are both crop- and environment-specific. Biofertilizers derived from such research are no longer limited to simple mono-strain applications. Instead, microbial consortia are being developed with a focus on functionality, synergy, and persistence in the soil-plant system. Moreover, the formulation and delivery mechanisms of these biofertilizers have improved dramatically, with innovations in encapsulation technologies, biofilm-based inoculants, and precision delivery systems. These advancements enhance microbial shelf-life, stress tolerance, and colonization efficiency. Despite the promise, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of MAB and microbiome-driven biofertilizers. These include inconsistencies in field performance, variability in soil microbiomes, lack of standardized protocols, and regulatory barriers. The success of this integrated approach depends on interdisciplinary collaboration among plant breeders, microbiologists, soil scientists, and agronomists. Furthermore, policy frameworks and farmer awareness programs are essential to facilitate field-level adoption. In conclusion, this review advocates for a holistic paradigm in crop improvement--one that views plants and their microbiomes as co-evolving partners. By bridging plant genetics with microbial biotechnology, microbial-assisted breeding coupled with customized biofertilizer development offers a scalable and sustainable strategy to ensure food security in an era of climate uncertainty. This approach not only enriches our understanding of plant-microbe interactions but also paves the way for ecologically responsible farming practices that can reduce dependency on chemical inputs and regenerate soil health.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phytomicrobiome, Microbial-assisted breeding, PGPR, Synthetic microbial communities, Microbiome engineering, Host-mediated selection, Biofertilizers, Plant-microbe interaction, Metagenomics, Sustainable agriculture

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Political ecology is one of the important concepts in studying and contextualising environmental issues. The key references used in the paper explains the spatial relationships of a national and international web of drug production and trafficking. The paper is an attempt to trace the human and environmental interface in a context which leads to conflicts between two mutually co-existing ethnic groups, say the Meiteis and Kukis in the recent past. The paper also tries to understand the cause of the outbreak of the May 3rd 2023 violence between the two communities while raising several issues like what fuelled the outbreak of the violence; are there invisible factors and hands that gains from the conflict? The conflict needs to be examined from a wider lens as it apparently involves forces which are extraneous. For instance, the political instability in Myanmar, long infatuated insurgency movement, large-scale drug trafficking, difficult terrain, unman long porous border, FRM and its spill over to Manipur have played significant role in escalating Manipur conundrum. The moot question, however, is whether the conflict has significantly affected the political economic profile of the region, and Manipur state. Hill-Valley as hyphenated space seems to be becoming a ground for further division and identity politics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

ASTUM, FMR, Golden Pentagon, Political Ecology and Drugs

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tourism has become one of the most dynamic economic sectors globally, contributing significantly to regional development. However, in Maharashtra, tourists often face challenges in accessing trustworthy local guides, discovering lesser-known destinations, and navigating through language and cultural differences. This research introduces "Maharashtra Tour Guide," a role-based smart web application designed to connect tourists with verified local guides, enhance communication, and support digital tourism. Developed using a modern full-stack stack--Vite for frontend tooling, Tailwind CSS for UI design, Node.js and Express.js for backend services, and MongoDB Atlas for scalable data storage--the system provides functionalities such as tour discovery, secure booking, real-time chat, and guide verification by administrators. The paper evaluates each module of the application through functional and integration testing, achieving a 95%+ success rate in all test scenarios. The system's modularity, responsiveness, and secure architecture make it a suitable digital infrastructure for fostering local engagement and promoting smart travel practices. This research not only contributes a practical application but also demonstrates the viability of regional tourism support through scalable and secure web technologies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Tourism, Local Guide Engagement, Smart Travel Systems, Role-based Web Application, Full-stack Development, MongoDB, Node.js

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the role and impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the international business operations of Kamya Fabs, a leading textile manufacturer based in India. As globalization intensifies, businesses are increasingly expected to operate ethically and sustainably across borders

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), CSR strategies, Textile industry, Fair labor practices

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing urgency to transition toward environmentally sustainable agriculture has directed scientific and commercial focus toward the development of advanced biofertilizer formulations and biostimulants. Traditional chemical fertilizers, while effective in boosting crop yields, are associated with long-term ecological consequences including soil nutrient depletion, water pollution, and loss of microbial diversity. As the global agricultural industry pivots toward sustainability, there is growing interest in new-generation biofertilizers and biostimulants that are efficient, eco-friendly, and adaptable to different agro-climatic conditions. This review highlights the recent innovations in biofertilizer formulation technologies and the expanding role of both microbial and non-microbial biostimulants in promoting sustainable farming. Biofertilizers, which consist of living microorganisms such as Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas, have long been used for their abilities to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphates, and produce growth-promoting hormones. However, the conventional forms of these products--typically carrier-based powders or granules--suffer from drawbacks such as short shelf-life, sensitivity to environmental stress, and poor root colonization. To address these limitations, new formulation strategies have been introduced, including nano-encapsulation, polymer-based coatings, and biofilm-based delivery systems. These approaches significantly enhance the survivability, colonization efficiency, and controlled release of microbial inoculants in the rhizosphere. Simultaneously, biostimulants--substances that enhance plant growth without being direct nutrient sources--have gained attention for their ability to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and temperature fluctuations. These include microbial biostimulants like PGPR and non-microbial sources such as seaweed extracts, humic and fulvic acids, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, and botanical extracts (e.g., moringa and neem). The review discusses how these compounds stimulate plant metabolic processes, enhance nutrient uptake, and improve overall plant vigor and productivity. Furthermore, there is a notable trend toward the development of combination products that integrate microbial biofertilizers with non-microbial biostimulants. These integrated formulations provide synergistic effects--offering the benefits of nutrient solubilization, hormone production, stress tolerance, and enhanced soil health in a single application. Innovations in liquid biofertilizers, nano-biofertilizers, and shelf-stable inoculants are making these products more accessible and user-friendly for farmers. In addition to formulation, the review also covers industry-relevant aspects such as quality control standards, regulatory policies, and the scalability of new technologies. Advances in molecular tools, AI-driven optimization, and field validation methods are also discussed as enablers of rapid product development and adoption. The success of these innovations, however, depends on farmer education, field-level trials, and supportive policy ecosystems.In conclusion, the convergence of microbiology, nanotechnology, and plant physiology is driving a new era of sustainable input development. By harnessing the power of nature through scientific innovation, next-generation biofertilizers and biostimulants offer a path forward for climate-resilient, low-input agriculture. Their successful implementation not only addresses the limitations of chemical fertilizers but also contributes to restoring soil health, increasing productivity, and aligning agriculture with global sustainability goals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biofertilizer formulation, Biostimulants, Nano-biofertilizers, PGPR, Seaweed extracts, Sustainable farming, Encapsulation technology, Liquid inoculants, Microbial consortia, Plant growth promotion

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Objective: To formulate and evaluate herbal cream using Aloe Vera gel, extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimumtenuiflorum) ,Amla (emblica officinalis), Rose Water, Liquid Paraffin, Methyl Paraben used as preservative to give multipurpose effect. Herbal cosmetics Cream are products used to enhance an individual's appearance. The purpose of this work was to Formulation of herbal cream for the purpose of moisturizing, nourishing and treating various skin diseases. The herbal Cream has best properties and having nutritional values using less chemical which protects the skin from the Various skin problem. Since the cream was prepared by using simple ingredients and simple method so the Cream is also economical. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effect than the synthetic Ones. So, the values of herbs in the cosmetics have been extensively improved in personal care system and There is greater demand for the herbal cosmetics now a days in market.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Herbal cream,Cosmetic,Neem,Tulsi, amla,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Psoriasis can be correlated by Ekkustha Kustha which come under eleven Kshudra Kustha. Psoriasis is an auto-insusceptible disorder characterized by unusual patches which can be visualized as dry, irritating and flaky. A 52-year-old Female visited Jeena Sikho Lifecare Limited Hospital Surat (Gujarat), on 15th January 2025. Her complaints were Kandu (Itching at affected skin), Kinkara Sparsha (Roughness of Skin), Khandit Nidra due to Kandu (Disturbed sleep due to itching and burning sensation), Shyava (Blackish patchy skin discoloration), and Rookshata (Dryness). Vitals with Ashtasthan Pareeksha (Eight - fold Examination) were done along with history taking. The Patient was advised Panchkarma such as Deepan, Pachan, Sarwang Snehan, Sarwang Swedan, followed by Virechan and Sansarjan Karma (Detoxifying therapies includes promoting digesting fire, full body message, full body sudation, purgation followed by strengthening diet). Ayurvedic formulations consisting of Trikatu (Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale), Triphala (Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellerrica, Terminalia chebula), Khadirarista, Mahamanjisthadi Kwath, Devdarvya Kwath, Takrarishta, Neem (Azadirachta indica),and Gandhak (Sulphur) were given which have yielded promising results earlier in many skin cases. Along with this, positive lifestyle played an important role to balance Vata, Pitta, Kapha. After Panchkarma procedures dietary changes were done which consisted of fruits, salad, zero grain chapattis etc. After all this treatment there was consistent improvement visible along with no or negligible complaints left.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Abhyantar Snehan, Charma Rog, Ekkustha, Kanduhar, Panchkarma, Psoriasis.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Analyzing the legacies of postcolonialism is still very important in the present modern era because of the continuing influence of cultural structures in the postcolonial societies. In the present scenario, Kumbalangi is a village attracting multitude due to the beautiful and magnificent phenomenon of bioluminescence. A movie set in the same village also becomes popular, assimilating itself into culture. 'Postcolonial literature might be broadly defined as what which critically or subversively scrutinizes the colonial relationship, and offers a reshaping or rewriting of the dominant meanings pertaining to race, authority, space and identity prevalent under colonial and decolonizing conditions' (Harvey, 795). The existing research and theories related to postcolonialism include the study of power dynamics, cultural hybridity, resistance and the construction of identity in post-colonial contexts. The question is, is the branch of cultural studies successfully representing the different phases the postcolonial societies go through, their power struggles, their resistance and their construction of identities. I chose this particular method of studying the phases, power hierarchy, resistance as well as their identity because it provides context for my research, exemplifies the connection between my research question and my chosen approach, and foregrounds the potential benefits and constrains of my method. The movie Kumbalangi Nights disputes with the colonial discourses by giving a critical discussion about the ideology of colonization and is successful in representing the issues of colonization by its exploration of indigenous, colonized peoples.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Colonialism, postcolonialism, identity, hybridity, power, discourse, decolonization, mimicry, contrapuntal, eurocentrism, ambivalence, imperialism, orientalism

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition