Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

This research study investigates the influence and efficacy of current Indian government policies on the advancement of women's empowerment. The analysis, based on secondary data spanning 2022 to 2024, centres on key contemporary initiatives, including Mission Shakti, revised Beti Bachao Beti Padhao guidelines, and the Gender Budgeting Framework. It assesses their impact on critical areas such as education, health, employment, and political participation. Utilizing a descriptive methodology, the study draws upon data from sources like NFHS-5, Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD) reports from 2022-24, and UNDP India Gender Indices. Findings reveal tangible progress in women's education and health outcomes, though ongoing inequalities in employment and representation are evident. The research pinpoints challenges in policy implementation and offers recommendations grounded in the evidence presented.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Women Empowerment, Gender Policy, Government Policies, Secondary Data, Gender Equality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Depression is a globally recognized mental health disorder that affects millions of individuals, often going un- diagnosed due to limitations in traditional screening methods. The growing prevalence of social media platforms has created an alternative space where users express their emotions and thoughts, providing valuable behavioral data for mental health analysis. Most existing AI-based depression detection systems focus on single modalities--primarily text--while overlooking non-verbal cues such as facial expressions that are equally critical in identifying depressive states. This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent research in multimodal AI systems that integrate text, image data to improve the accuracy and robustness of depression detection. We explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) like BERT and GPT-4 for textual analysis, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for facial emotion recognitions. A hybrid framework is proposed for fusing these modalities, allowing the system to assess depression risk with high reliability. The review also identifies existing research gaps, such as the need for diverse datasets, real-time implementation challenges, and ethical concerns related to user privacy. Ultimately, this study highlights the significant potential of multimodal AI in supporting early detection and intervention in mental health care, while emphasizing the importance of responsible AI deployment that complements professional psychological assessment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multimodal AI, Depression Detection, Social Media Analysis, Large Language Models, Facial Emotion Recognition, Machine Learning, Mental Health AI, Deep Learning, Explainable AI

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The demand for sustainable, self-sufficient power sources for Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks saw a dramatic escalation over the previous decade. Harnessing energy from ambient vibrations and utilizing it for powering low-power electronics in environments where traditional sources of power prove impractical is becoming increasingly enticing. In this article, there is a documented case of a hybrid piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester whose potential includes generating power from vibrations of low frequencies. The system integrates piezoelectric and electromagnetic mechanisms to effectively scavenge energy from diverse vibrational sources, such as industrial machinery, human motion, and ambient vibrations. The system employed in the suggested mechanism employs a double-resonance method, in which piezoelectric and electromagnetic components are set to resonate at different frequencies so as to allow efficient energy harvesting. An adaptive resonance tuning mechanism integrated allows reception of many vibrational frequencies for optimal energy efficiency during real-world application environments. Furthermore, the system utilizes nonlinear damping techniques to allow maximum energy harvesting of oscillating vibrations to improve the performance in non-ideal environments. For power storage and management, the system features batteries and supercapacitors and a smart energy management unit that maximizes power supply to IoT devices. The design further focuses on utilizing environment-friendly materials like nanomaterials and biodegradable polymers in order to render the harvester green. This hybrid energy harvester has the potential to be utilized in solving the problems of low-frequency vibration harvesting in IoT, with a stable, sustainable power supply for remote and miniaturized devices. The efficiency and flexibility of the system for energy harvesting over a broad band of vibrational frequencies make it an attractive choice for powering wearable technology and Internet of Things networks of the future.

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 Keywords

: Piezoelectric energy harvesting, Electromechanical coupling, Wireless sensor networks, Vibration damping, Sustainable power systems

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The essay explores the growing relevance of data sovereignty in India, especially following the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023 and the challenges posed by cross-border data transfers. It critically analyses data sovereignty through the lens of the Indian Constitution, focusing on fundamental rights, privacy, national security, and international trade obligations. The piece assesses whether India's data protection framework aligns with constitutional values and highlights the ongoing tension between state control and individual liberty.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Data Sovereignty, Individual Liberty, Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital world, social media platforms have become powerful sources of real-time data that influence decision-making across industries. This paper examines how organizations can collect, analyze, and leverage real-time insights from platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, utilizing techniques such as natural language processing (NLP), sentiment analysis, and machine learning. It discusses the opportunities and challenges of real-time analytics, including data overload, misinformation, and ethical concerns. A mini case study on sentiment analysis during elections illustrates practical implementation. The paper proposes a framework for integrating social media insights into workflows, thereby enhancing decision-making in sectors such as marketing, healthcare, governance, and crisis management.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Real-Time Analytics, Social Media Insights, Sentiment Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Data Visualization, Machine Learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Bihar rajya mein MSME vikas mein startup ki bhoomika ka adhyayan

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Bihar rajya mein MSME vikas mein startup ki bhoomika ka adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Government subsidy schemes are vital instruments for supporting the agricultural sector in India, particularly in ensuring financial security and improving the livelihood of farmers. These schemes, when effectively implemented, can significantly enhance agricultural productivity, encourage the adoption of modern techniques, and reduce the cost burden on small and marginal farmers. However, the success of such programs heavily depends on how farmers perceive them, how aware they are about these schemes, and how easily they can access the benefits. This study investigates the perceptions of farmers in the Coimbatore district regarding various government subsidy schemes. It explores the level of awareness among farmers, the procedures involved in availing subsidies, and the major challenges they face during the process. Primary data was collected from 200 farmers using structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that while many farmers are aware of popular schemes like seed and fertilizer subsidies, a significant number face procedural difficulties and delays in benefit disbursement. The study highlights the gap between policy intent and ground-level implementation and suggests practical solutions to enhance awareness, simplify procedures, and improve overall satisfaction with government interventions in agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Farmers' Perception, Government Subsidy, Agricultural Schemes, Awareness Level

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A holistic approach to urban and rural transformation through smart cities and smart villages focuses on improving level of peoples, quality of life, economic growth, and harnessing technology for sustainable development. Generally smart cities aim to improve urban areas through efficient services and infrastructure, while smart villages address rural challenges by leveraging technology for community development and economic opportunities. Over recent decades, peoples (urban and rural) communities are facing numerous economic and social changes and challenges. Some of these challenges have been increasingly addressed through the lenses of technology and digitalization. Smart villages apply technology to address rural challenges, promoting sustainable development, community resilience, and economic opportunities. In this review, we have focus on existing implementations of the smart village concept and the importance of digital/urban facilities for rural area. Basically, education, health, information connectivity, sanitation, electrification, establishment of cottage and small-scale industry etc. are the dimensions of smart villages. The main goal of this paper is to discuss many smart villages' initiative and technologies to improve the rural area.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Smart Cities, Urbanization, Migration, Infrastructure, Education, Health Development of Smart Villages

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Clinical trials is a research study conducted in human volunteers to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. Before performing clinical trials preclinical trials performed on animal. Clinical trials are the primary way to determine if new drug, treatment, or device is effective or safe for use in human. There are different types of clinical trials: Randomized controlled trials, Observational trials, Interventional trials. Clinical trials typically conducted in five phases: Phase 0, Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Phase 0 is the micro dosing designed to accelerate the drug approval process. Phase 1 trials performed to determine the metabolic and pharmacodynamics effects in animal. Phase 2 for establishment of therapeutic efficacy and dose range. Phase 3 trials compare the new treatment to standard treatments, evaluating its overall safety and efficacy on a larger scale. Phase 4 trials, conducted to determine efficacy and safety within large population called as post marketed surveillance.

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Clinical trials, NDA, Observational trials, Phases.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents an in-depth evaluation of an 8-bit Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) architecture, a fundamental building block in digital arithmetic operations. The design is implemented in Verilog and synthesized using Cadence Genus, targeting an ASIC-based workflow. Key performance parameters--including power consumption, chip area, and propagation delay--are extracted and analysed. While the RCA architecture benefits from a straightforward structure and energy efficiency, it exhibits higher latency due to serial carry propagation. The study provides practical insights into the trade-offs inherent in RCA-based adder design, especially for low-power or area-sensitive VLSI applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ripple Carry Adder (RCA), Power Analysis, Area Utilization, Timing Optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition