Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The current paper deals with the myriad facets of challenges encountered by a translator not only within a multilingual country like India but also in transgressing national boundaries to present the native essence of a text to the global audience. The major problem that apparently overwhelms a translator in the voyage of translation is the creation of an ambiguity. This lack of clarity is the aftermath of a search for the best-suited and precise or apt vocabulary that sustains the cultural flavour and uniqueness in which the text is born. The very title of the novel in discussion 'Samskara' hosts an array of meanings in Indian philosophy. To imbibe or inculcate the most suitable concept from the gamut provided by the original text is a matter of discernment. Language is embedded deep in the collective consciousness of a people held together by numerous binding factors like culture, region, history or other common criteria distinguishing them from another particular group. A certain language is entrenched or entangled in the collective psyche of a people to an extent that in the literature of that region animals too tend to speak in the same language. This present paper tends to effectively deal with the different dynamics that come into the picture as soon as the journey of translation begins. U.R.Anamtha Murthy's 'Samskara' has been rendered to be his magnum opus. Authored in 1965 and largely remaining confined in its consumption, it was translated to English by A.K.Ramanujan in 1976 which gained global readership for the novel.

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challenge, translation, Samskara, language, culture

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Background: Orthodontic treatments are widely utilized to correct dental and jaw misalignments but can potentially induce gingival recession, a condition characterized by the displacement of the gingival margin towards the tooth root. This systematic review assesses the prevalence and management of gingival recession in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, exploring the interplay between various orthodontic appliances and gingival health. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this review synthesizes evidence from studies that employed observational, cohort, and case-control designs to explore the effects of orthodontic appliances on gingival recession. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched using a combination of controlled vocabulary and keywords related to orthodontic appliances and gingival recession. The inclusion criteria focused on human participants of any age and gender who underwent treatment with various orthodontic appliances, with outcomes measuring the prevalence and severity of gingival recession. Results: The review included studies that detailed demographic data, treatment specifics, and outcomes from diverse geographical regions. The findings highlight a significant association between specific orthodontic practices, such as the type of appliance and the mechanical forces applied, and the incidence of gingival recession. Studies also underscored the role of anatomical factors, treatment duration, and patient-specific variables in influencing the risk and severity of recession. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatments, while beneficial for dental health, pose risks to gingival integrity, primarily through mechanical stresses that may exacerbate predisposed vulnerabilities. The review emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive treatment planning, including risk assessment and preventive strategies, to mitigate the onset and progression of gingival recession. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and to refine preventive and therapeutic approaches in orthodontic care.

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Gingival recession, orthodontic appliances, prevalence, management, systematic review.

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Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify the presence of bioactive phytocomponents in the Siddha polyherbal drug formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam by subjecting the drug to various studies like physicochemical analysis and HPTLC. Methods: The ingredients present in the Siddha polyherbal formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam was first authenticated by the botanist and was purified. The purified ingredients of the drug were grounded to make a powdered form. The prepared siddha polyherbal formulation Thuthuvelai chooranam was sent it to the lab for the physiochemical analysis and HPTLC. The mentioned physicochemical and the HPTLC was carried out at Noble Research Solutions in Kolathur, Chennai - 600 099. Results: Physicochemical analysis of the study revealed 0.64% of loss on drying (LOD) at 1050C, 1.6% of total ash value, 0% of acid insoluble ash, 24.67% of water-soluble extraction, 17.73% of Alcohol soluble extractive and the pH is 6.3. Six prominent peaks are seen in the sample's HPTLC finger printing examination, which indicates that it contains six different phytocomponents. The highest Rf value of the peaks varies from 0.04 to 0.99. Conclusion: The findings aid in determining the formulations of siddha polyherbal drug Thuthuvelai chooranam and it reveals the presence of physicochemical properties of the drug which ensures the safety and therapeutic potential in the management of Swasakaasam (Bronchial Asthma) The study drug can also be used as a reference norm for the medicine of standard pharmaceutical product and further quality control enquires. This study provides the evidence for future clinical studies.

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Siddha medicine; Swasakasam; Thuthuvelai chooranam; physicochemical; HPTLC.

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Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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Panchayati Raj Sanstha Me Mahila Netratva Ev Sahbhagita Ek Vishleshmatak Adhyan

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India's banking sector has been evolving since 1991, notably due to the technological upheaval that has introduced substantial alterations. One such shift initiated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was the formation of payment banks. The chief aim of setting up payment banks was to boost financial inclusion through the use of technology. Payment banks predominantly target providing payment and remittance services to low-income families, small enterprises, migrant labourers, and others in informal sectors. Payment banks leverage financial technology to infiltrate the economy and access the unbanked segments of the populace. The research aims to examine the functioning of payment banks in India, evaluate the financial performance of payment banks, and pinpoint the obstacles faced by payment banks. The study was executed based on data sourced from various websites, RBI documents, and publications.

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Banking sector, Payment banks, financial technology, financial system

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???? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???

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Diabetes is a serious disease that can cause fatigued, feel extreme hunger, and experience other more serious problems over time such as Kidney failure, blindness, amputations, loss of sensation and cardiovascular disease. Each and every year many people of the world as well as in Bangladesh are affected by diabetes mellitus. If people do not manage this disease, people could develop more serious complications like vision problems, dementia, and kidney issues. However the present study has conducted to identify the different ways of management of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. From the study it was found that the important issue requiring management is that of the glucose cycle. The management of diabetic patients is related to effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipids, to minimize the risk of long-term consequences associated with diabetes. They are suggested in clinical practice guidelines released by various national and international diabetes agencies, often combined with regular ongoing blood glucose level monitoring. Diet management allows control and awareness of the types of nutrients entering the digestive system, and hence allows indirectly, significant control over changes in blood glucose levels. Blood glucose monitoring allows verification of these, and closer control, especially important since some symptoms of diabetes are not easy for the patient to notice without actual measurement. Other approaches include exercise and other lifestyle changes which impact the glucose cycle. In addition, a strong communication between the patient and the primary healthcare provider - general practitioner or internist - is an essential tool in the successful management of diabetes. Often the primary care doctor makes the initial diagnosis of diabetes and provides the basic tools to get the patient started on a management program. Regular appointments with the primary care physician and a certified diabetes educator are some of the best things a patient can do in the early weeks after a diagnosis of diabetes. Upon the diagnosis of diabetes, the primary care physician, specialist, or endocrinologist will conduct a full physical and medical examination. A thorough assessment covers topics such as: height and weight measurements, blood pressure measurements, thyroid examination, examination of hands, fingers, feet, and toes for circulatory abnormalities, blood tests for fasting blood sugar, A1c, and cholesterol, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke, prior infections and medical conditions, smoking history, including encouragement to stop smoking (if applicable), signs of complications with pregnancy or trying to get pregnant for women patients, eating and exercise habits, vision abnormalities, to check for eye health issues, urination abnormalities, which can indicate kidney disease A list of current medications, including: prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, Vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements is also needed as when it is necessary.

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Diabetes mellitus, Management, Blood glucose, Diet management, Diagnosis, Weight, Physician/Doctor, Monitoring, Hypo and hyperglycemia, Glycemic control, Insulin, Medication

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Paraquat, a highly toxic bipyridyl herbicide, is widely used in agriculture and has been linked to numerous fatalities worldwide. This review highlights the severe health risks associated with paraquat exposure, particularly in developing countries where agricultural practices often lack proper safety measures. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of paraquat, a widely used but highly toxic herbicide. It will cover its chemical properties, applications, and regulatory status, as well as its environmental and health impacts. Special emphasis will be placed on the mechanisms of toxicity, cases of acute and chronic poisoning, and the current state of treatment and prevention strategies.

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Paraquat, Toxicity, Herbicide, Health Risks, Agricultural Safety

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Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers. Nurse education consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. This education is provided to nursing students by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks. Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing. Patient care is the core responsibility of a nurse. They have to assure that the patient is given the best possible care. In hospitals or any other medical institution, the doctors and nurses take care of their patients very carefully. They are responsible for answering any patient questions and always ensuring their basic needs are taken care of. Many organizations have come up to offer better patient care. They have developed guidelines on what is the meaning of patient care. Hospitals also have a committee that reviews all the policies and procedures regarding patient care. All this has made us realize that what is the meaning of patient care is not only for the doctor or the nurse but it is of utmost importance to the patient as well. However the present study has conducted to explore the history of nursing education in Bangladesh and to identify the concepts regarding patient care management in Bangladesh. The study was documentary analysis type. Data and information were collected from secondary sources such as books, research report, journals, websites, magazines, internet etc. The study recommended that Nurses must keep their professional knowledge and skills relevant and up-to-date through self-learning, in-service education, practice, higher education, and quality management including accountability. It leads to lead consumer satisfaction. A better image of nurses would logically follow when people in the society recognize the value of nursing care and that would result enhanced salary and status. Nurses should practice to the full extent of their education and training. Nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression. Nurses should be full partners with all health professionals to redesign health care in Bangladesh. To become a registered nurse in most countries, former education with more extensive professional training is required. Many countries have introduced several theoretical and practical training for nursing students in hospitals, or via a pre-registration nursing programme at a university or college. Nursing students, thus educated and trained, demonstrate higher competency in nursing practice, communication, leadership, professional integration, and research/evaluation. By prioritizing informed consent, effective communication, and patient satisfaction, healthcare providers can deliver patient-centered care that respects patients' autonomy, promotes shared decision-making, and ultimately leads to better health outcomes and improved patient experience.

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Patient care, Management, Nurse, Patient, Doctor, Education, Consumer satisfaction, Professionalism

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This research paper conducts a comprehensive analytical study of the intricate journey of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, delving into the historical trajectory from the Cold War era to the Afghan Jihad. The investigation spans decades, examining the geopolitical dynamics that shaped U.S. foreign policy in the region. By unraveling the complexities of this engagement, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving motivations, strategies, and consequences associated with America's presence in Afghanistan. Drawing on a diverse array of primary and secondary sources, the study navigates through key events, diplomatic maneuvers, and strategic shifts that have defined this multifaceted relationship. Through a critical lens, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of Cold War geopolitics and the subsequent repercussions that unfolded during the Afghan Jihad, contributing to a deeper comprehension of the broader implications for U.S. foreign policy and global affairs.

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U.S. Involvement, Cold War, Afghan Jihad, Geopolitical Dynamics, Foreign Policy, Strategic Shifts, Diplomatic Maneuvers.

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