Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Artificial Intelligence has made it easier for computers to understand images in real-world applications. In this project, a system is developed to identify bird species from images using Machine Learning along with Generative AI. The system allows users to upload a bird image and receive both the predicted species and a simple explanation. The model is built using a CNN based on MobileNetV2 with transfer learning. It is trained on a dataset of 525 bird species and around 85,000 images. The model learns visual features such as color patterns, feather structure, and shape to identify different birds. After prediction, a Generative AI component provides a short description of the bird, including its appearance and habitat. A web application using Flask is developed to make the system easy to use. This system can be useful for wildlife monitoring, education, and biodiversity studies. Overall, the project shows how Machine Learning and Generative AI can work together to create a useful and user-friendly application.

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Machine Learning, Bird Species Identification, Deep Learning, CNN, Generative AI, MobileNetV2, Image Classification, Flask.

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Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels, commonly known as Inkberry or Jal Jamni, is a fast-growing, perennial climber belonging to the family Menispermaceae. Widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa, this plant holds significant ethnomedicinal importance in traditional systems such as Ayurveda and folk medicine. Various parts of the plant-including leaves, stems, and roots-are used for treating fever, skin infections, diabetes, liver disorders, inflammation, and reproductive ailments. Botanically, the plant is characterized by hairy stems and ovate-cordate leaves with dense trichomes. Its diagnostic features, such as unisexual flowers and curved reniform seeds, assist in its correct identification. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds These metabolites exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. This review comprehensively covers the plant's taxonomy, morphology, traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and pharmacological properties, supported by recent scientific findings.

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Cocculus hirsutus, menispermaceae, ethnomedicine, phytochemicals, pharmacological activity

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Kokborok theatre represents a significant Indigenous theatrical tradition that has played a crucial role in preserving the language, culture, history and collective identity of the Tripuri communities in Tripura. This study examines the historical evolution of Kokborok theatre, tracing its development from Indigenous oral traditions, ritual performances, folk narratives, songs and communal festivals to the emergence of modern scripted theatre during the latter half of the twentieth century. Employing a qualitative research design based on historical-analytical and descriptive-interpretative methods, the study draws upon published books, journal articles, archival documents, theatre literature and institutional publications to investigate the socio-cultural and historical forces that shaped the growth of Kokborok theatre. The research demonstrates that while Bengali theatre introduced modern dramaturgical techniques, Kokborok theatre gradually established an independent identity by integrating Indigenous storytelling, music, dance, rituals, myths and performance aesthetics into contemporary theatrical practice. The study further explores the dramatic text Bengswnal, highlighting Rampadha's vision for an ideal society founded on education, cultural preservation, social justice, unity, and self-reliance, alongside Rampodh's exemplary leadership qualities that emphasize ethical governance, collective responsibility, and Indigenous empowerment. These character representations illustrate how Kokborok theatre functions not merely as a form of artistic expression but also as a medium for cultural resistance, language revitalization, historical consciousness and social transformation. The findings suggest that Kokborok theatre has evolved into a dynamic cultural institution that negotiates the relationship between tradition and modernity while responding to contemporary issues such as identity, migration, environmental sustainability, and globalization. By preserving Indigenous knowledge systems and reinforcing community values, Kokborok theatre continues to contribute significantly to the cultural heritage of Tripura and enriches the broader discourse on Indigenous theatre in India.

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 Keywords

Kokborok Theatre, Indigenous Theatre, Tripura, Cultural Identity, Language Revitalization, Oral Tradition, Bengswnal, Indigenous Performance, Cultural Preservation, Tripuri Communities.

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When Donna Haraway proposed the idea of the 'cyborg' in her Cyborg Manifesto, she highlighted the idea of the dissolution of the boundaries between human and animal, human-animal (organism) and machine and physical and non-physical. Contributing to this, further, theorists like N. Katherine Hayles, Rosi Braidotti, Cary Wolfe and others developed the concept of 'posthumanism', which interrogates what it is to be a human in this posthuman era, entangled with technology, where identity is dynamic and relational rather than fixed. Posthumanism has become a central part of global discussions and debates for a very long time now, yet most of the discussions are rooted in Western viewpoints, having a very limited engagement with the Indian perspective. This paper analyses two novels from Indian speculative fiction, "The Devourers" by Indrapramit Das and "The Calcutta Chromosome" by Amitav Ghosh, through the Posthuman lens alongside the Bhagavad Gita's teachings on Karma and Reincarnation to reimagine posthumanism from an Indian philosophical perspective, taking literature deliberately as a space where Indian philosophy and Posthuman thought converge. Drawing from Ferrando's idea of Philosophical Posthumanism and Debashish Banerjee's "Posthumanism and Indian Spirituality" and through close readings of both the selected novels through a posthuman and Gita's karmic-reincarnation framework, this paper uses speculative fiction as a microcosm of a wider scope of discussion involving an Indian philosophical view on posthumanism and literature being a mirror to it. The paper puts Indian philosophical teachings into dialogue with posthumanism through speculative fiction and, at the same time, revives the philosophical teachings of karma and reincarnation from the Bhagavad Gita in accordance with today's evolving world and technological advancements. This paper argues that pre-existing Indian philosophical teachings, particularly karma and reincarnation as per the Bhagavad Gita, can reconfigure identity and ethical responsibility in today's era of Artificial Intelligence.

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Artificial Intelligence, Indian Philosophical Teachings, Karma, Posthumanism, Reincarnation, Reconfigure and Speculative Fiction

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The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into criminal justice systems has transformed conventional approaches to crime prevention, investigation, adjudication, and correctional administration. While these technological advancements promise enhanced efficiency, predictive accuracy, and data-driven decision-making, they have simultaneously generated concerns regarding algorithmic bias, privacy, transparency, and the erosion of human discretion. Parallel to these developments, restorative justice has emerged as a progressive victim-centred philosophy that seeks to repair harm through dialogue, accountability, participation, and community engagement rather than relying exclusively on punitive sanctions. Despite substantial scholarly attention to both artificial intelligence and restorative justice as independent domains, limited research has examined the potential convergence of these two transformative paradigms. This paper undertakes a qualitative doctrinal analysis to explore how artificial intelligence can ethically facilitate restorative justice without compromising its human-centred values. Drawing upon primary legal sources, including Indian criminal legislation, international instruments, judicial precedents, and policy frameworks, together with secondary literature comprising scholarly books, journal articles, governmental reports, and international publications, the study critically evaluates the opportunities and limitations associated with integrating AI into restorative justice mechanisms. The paper analyses AI-enabled case screening, victim support systems, intelligent mediation assistance, multilingual communication technologies, digital documentation, and outcome evaluation within restorative justice programmes. The study argues that artificial intelligence should function as an assistive technology rather than an autonomous decision-maker. While AI possesses considerable potential to enhance victim participation, improve accessibility, facilitate informed decision-making, and strengthen institutional efficiency, its deployment must remain subject to robust ethical safeguards, transparency requirements, human oversight, and legal accountability. The paper concludes by recommending a human-in-the-loop governance framework supported by national ethical standards, legislative reforms, institutional capacity building, and carefully monitored pilot projects to ensure that technological innovation complements rather than undermines restorative justice principles.

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Artificial Intelligence; Restorative Justice; Victim-Centred Justice; Criminal Justice; AI Ethics; Digital Justice.

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ChakraDatta Ki Chikitsa Per Charak Sahita Ke Chikitsa Sthan Ka Prabhav : Ek Vivechtnatmak Vigyanik Adhyayan

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ChakraDatta Ki Chikitsa Per Charak Sahita Ke Chikitsa Sthan Ka Prabhav : Ek Vivechtnatmak Vigyanik Adhyayan

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Oral cancer includes cancers of mouth and pharynx which is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Clinical experience over fifty years has clearly shown that surgery alone can provide cure to a proportion of patients. At the time of presentation or at the time of surgery chances of micro metastases is high. In order to destroy the occult micro metastases, adjuvant therapies are used. The present adjuvant therapy such as chemo and radiotherapy, although a lifesaving modality for cancer is also a ruthless medical intervention compelling the patients to withdraw the treatment before its completion. Common complication of adjuvant therapy includes oral mucositis, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, anemia, diarrhoea, xerostomia etc. Ayurvedic drug have over a period of time proven as potent adjuvant therapy by minimizing side effect and enhancing the quality of life. Ayurvedic formulations including single drugs like Haridra, Ardhraka & combination drugs like Rasayana Avaleha, Ashwagandadhi Ghrita etc. have proven to be effective medicines when given in between consecutive chemo/radiation therapies. Classical approach of Panchakarma, Rasayana, Satwavajaya Chikitsa helps in relieving signs and symptoms as well as side effect of adjuvant therapies. Thus, ayurvedic interventions with combined therapies reduce cost of treatment with decrease in relapse of disease & increase quality of life of patient.

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Oral cancer, Adjuvant therapy, complications, Ayurveda, quality of life

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The present study examined occupational stress, general mental health, and emotional intelligence among professional and early-career lawyers in India. The objectives were to compare these psychological variables between experienced and amateur lawyers and to examine the relationships among them. A quantitative descriptive-comparative and correlational research design was employed. Thirty participants were selected using purposive sampling, comprising 15 professional lawyers with ten or more years of legal experience and 15 amateur lawyers who were law students or had up to one year of professional experience. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson's correlation. The findings revealed no significant differences between professional and amateur lawyers in general mental health, perceived stress, or emotional intelligence. Correlation analysis indicated no significant relationship between general mental health and perceived stress or emotional intelligence. However, a significant moderate positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and emotional intelligence (r = .457, p< .05). The findings suggest that occupational stress and psychological well-being remain relevant concerns across different stages of legal careers, highlighting the need for mental health awareness, emotional intelligence development, and organizational support within the legal profession.

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Occupational Stress, Mental Health, Emotional Intelligence, Lawyers, Legal Education

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Background: The classroom management and teacher self-efficacy are important factors in determining the quality of instruction and student engagement in the classroom, but the relationship between the two has not been well studied at the higher secondary level in Ranipet district. Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the level of classroom management behavior and self-efficacy of higher secondary teachers in Ranipet district and to find out the differences in classroom management behavior and self-efficacy among the teachers based on the different demographic variables and to find out the relationship between classroom management behavior and self-efficacy among the higher secondary teachers in Ranipet district. Methodology: A descriptive survey design was used with 200 higher secondary teachers (100 male and 100 female) selected randomly from government, aided and private schools of Ranipet District; the instruments used were 31 item Teacher Classroom Management Behaviour Scale and 10 item Self Efficacy Scale (both adapted and validated with satisfactory reported test-retest reliability). Results: Most teachers exhibited moderate levels of classroom management behavior (49.5%) and moderate self-efficacy (48.5%); with the exception of the few comparisons, no significant differences were observed between the classroom management behavior and self-efficacy, across gender, medium of instruction, locality or qualifications; a small but positive correlation was obtained between classroom management behavior and self-efficacy (r ? 0.057).

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Classroom management, teacher self-efficacy, higher secondary teachers, Ranipet District, teaching behavior, teacher effectiveness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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