Volume 9 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

World ethanol production rise to nearly 13.5 billion gallon in 2006. Ethanol has been part of alcoholic beverages for long time, but its application has expanded much beyond that during the 20th Century. Much of the recent interest is in the use of ethanol as fuel. In this paper, we have reviewed published literature on current ethanol production and separation methods, and chemical and sensory analysis techniques. Ethanol produced by fermentation, called bioethanol, accounts for approximately 95% of the ethanol production. It is recently widely used as an additive to gasoline. Corn in the Unites States and sugarcane in Brazil are widely used as raw materials to produce bioethanol. Cellulosic materials are expected to be the ultimate major source of ethanol and also represent a value-adding technology for agricultural coproducts. While bioethanol is considered as a sustainable energy source, it requires further purification for uses other than fuel. The most common purification technique utilized in the ethanol industry is rectification by further distillation. However, distillation has critical disadvantages including high cost and limited separation capacity. Several alternatives have been proposed to replace distillation such as non-heating fractional distillation by ultrasonic irradiation, oxidation of impurities by ozone, and adsorption of impurities by activated carbon or zeolite. Chemical and sensory analyses are used to determine the quality of alcohol and to optimize various steps in production. Near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS), have been developed for chemical analyses. Also, olfactometry is common for sensory analysis. This paper summarizes the state-of-the art of ethanol production, purification, and analytical techniques.

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 Keywords

Activated carbon, chemical analysis, ethanol, ozone, production process, purification, renewable fuels, substrates.

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This paper discusses how machine learning applications have a significant impact on teaching and learning, as well as how to improve the learning environment in higher education.We use innovative machine learning applications in teaching and learning while taking into account the students' background, academic performance in the past, and other factors. Because of the enormous class numbers, it would be difficult to support each individual student in each open learning course, which would raise the dropout rate at the end of the course. In this work, we will use linear regression, a machine learning algorithm, to predict a student's academic success.

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Classification Prediction, Machine Learning, Data cleaning, Data Processing, Linear Regression.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Amazon, Communication, India, USA, Apple, Google, Facebook, Walmart

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aim/purpose The aim of the study is to analyse the methods and challenges of online laboratory practicum teaching by science teachers in Mumbai region, based on experiences of the COVID-19 emergency. Background To day the world is facing the highest risk on health due to the outbreak of Covid 19 which started around March 2020 and continuing till now. This resulted in the closure of over 90% of schools, colleges, universities all over the world and resulted in the sudden transition of online mode of teaching from the traditional class room teaching. The ongoing pandemic has given an opportunity to re-think the deep rooted class room mode to online of learning of all the subjects including the ones which require physical laboratories. Methodology For this, a survey method was undertaken and the data pertaining to the methods used to conduct of practicum in the science subjects during normal time (before the outbreak of the pandemic) and the methods used to conduct practicum during the lockdown due to covid-19 , the challenges faced by the teachers in the process, the perception of the teachers about online labs with respect to its effectiveness compared to physical lab, opinion regarding whether it can be used for understanding of the students in addition to the physical lab, whether they would recommend online platform to their institution in future was collected through google form from the teachers teaching in schools colleges in Mumbai region. The data was analysed using SPSS. Contribution The study results are expected to contribute to considering the technology enhanced methods like on line lab, virtual lab, simulation to supplement the physical lab and to create interest, self-learning, experimenting, exiting experiences for the learners by accessing various resources available crossing the geographical boundaries. Findings The results of methods revealed that most teachers were not equipped with the knowledge, skill and technology to conduct experiments by simulations. Some used online labs. Majority of teachers showed live demonstrations of experiments and videos of experiments from You tube, while some showed recorded experiments. The challenges faced were mainly due to lack of face to face interaction, instability in internet connection, inability to create a laboratory atmosphere online and difficulty in assessing learning outcomes. Even though the teachers feel online laboratories cannot be considered as effectively as the physical ones they are positive about considering the option for better understanding and practice beyond the campus. Recommendation: To provide Systematic training for teachers in the technology enhanced methods like on line labs, virtual labs, simulation. Steps need to be taken by government to minimize the challenges faced due to unreliable internet connection. Efforts to be taken by policy makers, institutions and educational technology providers to come together to make the technologies available at an affordable cost to all the students so as to create 21st century requirement of STEM skilled work Further Research The current study has focused only on teachers. A separate study is required to be undertaken for the students to know their perspectives, experiences, challenges and learning outcomes.

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online labs, virtual labs, simulation, STEM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Women generally spend last third of their life time in menopause after reproductive year has ended. The menopausal transition precedes menopause it is characterized by irregularity of the cycle, hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, anxiety, and sleep disturbances is one of the main symptoms; regular exercise may help to improve sleep quality. Diet also plays an important role in quality of life of menopausal women. OBJECTIVE- The present research was conducted to study the impact of yoga and walking on dietary habits and sleep pattern in menopausal women. METHODOLOGY- Purposive sampling was used to recruit 83 participants into control and experimental group. The impact of 3 months daily half an hour yoga training for these asnas (Warrior pose,vajrasna,child pose, cat cowpose,Butterfly pose, sleeping butterfly pose, parvamuktasana ,relaxing pose, pranayama) and walking was studied on dietary habits and sleep quality .The tools used to collect data were questionnaire and 24- hour dietary recall. The sleep quality was analysed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data collected were coded in Microsoft excel and statistical analysis was done using SPSS to interpret the results. RESULT-The age of study participants ranged between 41-51 years with the mean of 45 years There was no significant difference for energy intake (t-0.82 ,p=>0.05) highly significantly excess consumption of carbohydrate, highly significantly decrease in protein(t=-2.842,p0?.01) intake at baseline in intervention group participants. In the same participants post intervention there was non-significant difference in energy intake (t=-0.33,p=>0.05) highly significantly excess consumption of carbohydrate ad highly significant decrease in protein intake and for fats it was seen that participants before intervention consumed 22% of fats in their daily diet this difference was greater than the dietary guideline by 2.69 however post intervention there was reduction in the consumption of the fat by 1.96 (22%) but still this was significantly greater than dietary fat guidelines. In experimental group participants there was highly significant reduction in the sleep scores from 9.60 to 6.38 post intervention (t=13.53,p?0.01) however in control group participants there was highly significant increment in sleep scores from 9.03 to 9.72 post intervention.(t=-2.85,p=?0.01).Thus sleep quality increase in intervention group participants and deteriorated in control group participants post intervention. CONCLUSION- Thus overall yoga and walking had an impact on the fat intake and sleep quality in the intervention group participants as compared to control group .Fat intake reduced significantly by 1.96gm or 2% in intervention group participants . Overall sleep quality in intervention participants improved significantly.

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Sleep pattern, Dietary habits, menopausal women.

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Sales Tax is an Indirect Tax charged on the sale of goods and services. The study focuses on the pre and post development of sales tax in India. Sales tax was charged as the Central Sales Tax and VAT. Here we are standing in between the history of Sales Tax and the effect on Sales Tax and VAT after effects of implications of the GST. The researcher has done an explanatory research which focuses on the theoretical aspect related to the Sales tax. The basic objective of the study is to know the history of Sales Tax, effect on Sales Tax after VAT and the effects after the implementation of GST. Through the observation analysis the researcher has come to a conclusion that VAT has been started with a point to remove the system of tax on tax, but this system is unable to achieve the ultimate objective of it, which has been achieved successfully after the implication of GST in the Indian Taxation System.

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Goods and Service Tax (GST), Sales Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT)

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Validation is the most recognized and important parameter of GMPs. This article provides an introduction about the process validation of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process and its importance according to The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This work is to present an introduction and general overview on process validation of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process. Quality cannot be ensured by sampling, testing, release of materials and products. Quality assurance techniques must be used to build the quality into the product at every step and not just tested for at the end. Process validation of a process will ensure production of a drug of reproducible quality. In the pharmaceutical industry, Process Validation performs this task to build the quality into the product because according to ISO 9000:2000, it has proven to be an important tool for quality management of pharmaceuticals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Quality assurance, Process validation, GMP, pharmaceutical industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study made an attempt to know the use of ICT resources and services by the faculty members of self finance engineering college library. ICT helps in performing various library operations such as collecting, processing, storing, retrieving and disseminating information using computer peripherals and internet facilities. The academic library users are able to be self reliant in fulfilling their information need provided they are familiar with the required computer knowledge and skills and be oriented for library user education programme. The researcher selected 982 samples randomly in various colleges. Standard questionnaires are used to collect the primary data. The main objectives of this study is to know their attitude about use of ICT, the type of search engines used, purpose of visiting library and frequency usage of internet. Result found that male respondent have high level of attitude related to ICT and most of them are used Google and yahoo.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Information, Search engines , Technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition