Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Abstract The definition of a pump is a device which uses suction or pressure to raise or move liquids. Back in Egyptian times, 2000 BC, this meant a long suspended rod with a bucket at one end and a weight at the other. 1800 years later, in arguably the greatest invention of all time, Archimedes devised a mechanical method of lifting low lying water for irrigation and land drainage purposes known as the Archimedean Screw Pump. This method is still very much in use today. Mechanical pumps require power in order to operate, in 200 BC this source of power was the human hand. Animal, wind and water turbine power sources followed, thanks to the development of mechanical power transmission linkages. Steam engines became the main power source at the end of the 18th century, whilst gas and early oil dominated the 19th century. In 1790 Thomas Simpson coupled a reciprocating pump to James Watts rotary motion steam engine, to drive municipal water works pumps on the River Thames. This ultimately led to the formation of Worthington Simpson in 1917, which is now a part of Flowserve. In 1851 John Gwynne filed his first centrifugal pump patent. His early pumps were again steam engine driven but used primarily for land drainage. Allen Gwynne Pumps closed their manufacturing plant within the town of Bedford in 1987, which led to the formation of Bedford Pumps by former members of the pump department at W H Allen. The first electric motor driven pumps finally emerged in the early 1900's. Whilst electric motors now dominate the pump industry, electricity cannot reach all locations and the diesel engine driven pump, with its high torque engine, still plays a significant role in today's mobile pumping market.

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 Keywords

Future Pump Industry in India, Forecast Pumps manufacturing.

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Cybercrime has taken a more destructive direction, due to the introduction of Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Cybercriminals can now access tools that have the ability to mimic human behaviour and create schemes which are highly convincing. The aim of this research is to get into the intricate interplay between psychology and technology, when it comes to cybercrime. This study also aims to highlight the underlying mechanisms that drive scamming schemes in the digital landscape, by evaluating how scammers make use of AI for manipulation of emotions and human cognition. In conclusion, it can be said that fraudulent schemes have become more sophisticated with the convergence of human behaviour with technological advancements. The intersection of psychology and cyber fraud has made the environment more complex and vulnerable. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have enabled cybercriminals to personalise their tactics and switch from the traditional rudimentary attacks, to highly targeted ones, which have the capability to exploit the victims on the basis of cognitive biases and emotional vulnerabilities.

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 Keywords

Cyber Fraud, Human Behaviour, AI, Psychology, Cybercriminals, Cognitive Biases, Emotional Vulnerabilities

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COVID-19 pandemic has boosted the journey of Digital transformation in education sector globally. Although the importance of digitization in education sector and more so in higher education was never denied, Indian education system always focused on traditional ways of teaching-learning rather than digital methods. This has led to Indian higher education system lagging behind with respect to the international standards. Across the globe, education industries are competing to bring the international standards to meet the growing demands of students. Hence, it is necessary to carry out comparative analysis of digital transformation in Indian higher education with other countries like China, Indonesia, Brazil and United states of America. Further, the study also attempts to assess the digital readiness of the Indian higher education system.

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Digital transformation, Higher education, Global comparison, Online learning, Digital readiness

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The National Education Policy 2020 emphasizes the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching-learning process, with a focus on blended learning approaches. One such approach advocated by NEP 2020 is the use of the flipped classroom model. In this study, the effect of the flipped classroom model on students' achievement in Urdu was investigated. Employing an experimental method with a non-equivalent post-test control group design, students from a school in Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh, were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group. The analysis revealed a significant effect of the treatment on achievement scores in Urdu, even after controlling for pre-test scores. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the flipped classroom intervention in optimizing learning outcomes.

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Flipped Classroom, Language Teaching, Urdu Language and Achievement

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India committed itself seven decades ago to building an inclusive, pluralistic, and secular society that equitably integrates its religious minorities while respecting their distinct identities and honoring differences. This commitment is particularly significant for the country's largest minority community, Muslims, who constitute 13.4 percent of the population and are also socially, economically, and educationally disadvantaged. Muslim minorities face social exclusion, manifesting in segregation across social, political, economic, cultural, and educational spheres. This exclusion demands reorganization through affirmative action. Religious minorities are among the most vulnerable segments of Indian society, with Muslim minorities being especially affected. They deserve social justice and equity comparable to other disadvantaged groups, including Dalits and OBCs. There is a pressing need to include Muslim minorities in the mainstream of the nation's economic development, a goal underscored by the Eleventh Plan. This paper reviews the current status of Muslim minorities in India and critically analyzes their socio-economic and educational representation. It also offers recommendations for the inclusion of Muslim minorities into the government's development agenda, emphasizing the necessity of inclusive policies.

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Keywords: Religious Identity, Discrimination, Marginalization, Stigmatization, Affirmative action, Community Engagement.

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Many researchers, engineers, and environmentalists are expressing deep concern about the changes in the overall climate of the planet. Fossil fuels are being continuously used for electricity generation. The burning of these fuels produces gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide that cause global warming. Temperatures are also rising due to deforestation. The threat of global warming is continuously causing great harm to the earth's environment. Most people are still unaware of global warming and do not consider it a major problem in the coming years. Most people do not understand that global warming is currently taking place, and we are already experiencing some of its devastating effects. It will and will severely affect the ecosystem and disturb the ecological balance. Due to the deadly effects of global warming, some solutions must be found. This paper introduces global warming, explains its causes and dangers in detail, and presents some solutions to solve this burning issue. Above all, alternative energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass) need to be seriously adopted. Finding and using renewable sources of energy is one way to effectively tackle the ever-increasing global warming.

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climate, fossil fuels, deforestation, global warming, alternative energy sources

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An Ode is a long lyric poem, serious in subject, elevated in style and elaborate in its stanzaic structure. Keats' great Odes have immortalized his name---Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Melancholy and Ode to Autumn to name a few of them. These stand testimony to his marvellous poetic creativity. The Odes of Keats created a new class of lyrical poetry with imaginative richness and eloquence of feeling and passion, pulsating with beauty, truth and joy which life revealed to his poetical genius. 1820 forms the Annus Mirabilis of Keats' poetic creativity as all his odes were written around 1819, and published at this time. Robert Bridges in John Keats: A Critical Essay writes: "had Keats left us only his Odes, his rank among the poets would not be lower than it is, for they have stood apart in literature". He breathes "the spirit of Shakespeare", avers A.C. Bradley in 'Oxford Lectures on Poetry'. Ode to Autumn, the last ode written by him is a Horation ode ---- calm, meditative and philosophic. The characteristics of Keats' poetry are: Nature, Beauty, Hellenism, Romance and personal poetic mood. These are found in the odes in different measure. Ode to Autumn can be classed as an ode on Nature and presents the principle of beauty in Nature. Autumn is described as "chaste weather" in one of his letters to Reynolds. In this ode he paints the Bounty and Beauty of the Autumn season and describes it as "seasons of mists and mellow fruitfulness". The features of the season are delineated with vivid pictorial quality and the poem is like a moving pageant or living tableaux, affecting our senses with various impressions. It is unique because usually poets glorify the Spring season; very often Autumn has been deplored as the dying season when the harvest has been reaped and the fields are bare, the trees begin to shed their leaves and flowers wither in anticipation of Winter snow, when Nature seems dead with the trees bare of leaf and creatures hibernating.

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Ode to Autumn - A Close Reading

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Bootstrapping is a fundamental strategy for entrepreneurs to launch and sustain businesses without relying on outside funding. This paper investigates the concept of bootstrapping in entrepreneurship, focusing on its significance, strategies, challenges, and outcomes. However, entrepreneurs face challenges such as slower initial growth, operational constraints, and increased personal financial risk when bootstrapping their businesses. Despite these challenges, successful bootstrapped businesses frequently achieve increased independence, resilience, and long-term viability

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Abstract: Neck pain is reported by many people who are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal disorders due to muscle stiffness and hypokinetics. Trapezius is common musculoskeletal complaint characterized by pain, stiffness and tightness of the upper trapezius muscle. It is often work related and caused by prolonged static and repetitive work tasks. so This study aim to find out the effectiveness of IFT with iontophoresis in the management of trapezitis so the best and most effectiveness treatment can be followed. Aim: To study the effectiveness of IFT with Iontophoresis in the management of trapezitis with subacute pain. Methodology: A Experimental study was done in which 15 subjects with age group of 18 to 40 years, having mechanical neck pain for atleast 3 months using purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected, statistical analysis was done and results were tabulated. Data Analysis and Result: after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there was statistically significant difference between the pre treatment mean(5.333) and the post treatment mean(2.866) of pain and p-value <0.05 after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there was statistically significant difference between the pre treatment mean(1.8) and the post treatment mean (0.666) of tenderness and p-value <0.05 after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean(41.333) and post treatment mean(42.333) of cx flexion and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean(42.666) and post treatment mean(43.666) of cx extension and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically significant difference in pre treatment mean of Contralateral lateral flexion (42.666) and post treatment mean of Contralateral lateral flexion(63.666) and p-value <0.05. there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Ipsilateral lateral flexion(42.333) and post treatment mean of Ipsilateral lateral flexion(43) and p-value >0.05. after applying paired t- test pre vs post , there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Ipsilateral cx rotation(62.333) and post treatment mean of Ipsilateral cx rotation(63.8) and p-value >0.05. there is statically no significant difference in pre treatment mean of Contralateral cx rotation(63) and post treatment mean of Contralateral cx rotation(63.8) and p-value >0.05. Conclusion: The study thereby concludes that sodium diclofenac with Interferential therapy is effective for improving pain and range of motion.

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Iontophoresis, IFT, Sodium diclofenac, Trapezius, Goniometer.

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The objective of the current investigation is to examine the status of ornamental fish diversity in Baralia river,which flows through Baksa&Kamrup(R) district of Assam, India. Surveys were conducted from April 2023 to March 2024. Fish specimens were collected by using standard methods and were subsequently preserved and identified for further study.A total of 38 fish species belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 28 genera were recorded.The ornamental fishes of Baralia river belongs to following orders Osteoglosiformes (5.1%),Clupeiformes(2.6%),Cypriniformes (25.6%), Siluriformes (25.6%), Beloniformes (2.6%), Symbranchiformes (10.3%), Perciformes (28.2%). Cyprinidae was the dominant family with 9 species followed by Bagridae 5 species and Channidae with 4 species.Two Endangered,Three vulnerable, three near threatened and 30 species under the least concern category were identified based on IUCN status.Natural and Anthropogenic threats may affect the fish population in this river. Unorganised fish collection , Pesticide pollution, garbage disposal are the major cause for the destruction of natural ecosystem in this river.

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Ornamental fish, Baralia River,Baksa, Kamrup(R), Natural & anthropogenic threats.

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