Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is a key indicator of a bank's ability to absorb losses and honour its financial obligations, and is widely used to assess the solvency of banking institutions. This study presents a comparative analysis of the CAR of five leading public sector banks (State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Union Bank of India, and Bank of Maharashtra) and five leading private sector banks (HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Federal Bank, and RBL Bank) operating in India, over a ten-year period from 2013 to 2022. The study is based entirely on secondary data drawn from the balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the selected banks, as published by the Reserve Bank of India. Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) pairwise comparison test were applied to examine differences in CAR between and within the two banking sectors. The results indicate that private sector banks maintained a significantly higher average CAR than public sector banks during the study period, that CAR varied significantly among private sector banks, and that the variation among public sector banks was comparatively modest.

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 Keywords

Solvency, CAR

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and infertility.(1) This case study presents a 27-year-old female who attended the gynecology outpatient department with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles, excessive facial hair growth (hirsutism), weight gain, and primary infertility for the past 3 years. Clinical examination and investigations, including hormonal profile and ultrasonography, confirmed the diagnosis of PCOS. The patient was managed with a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary regulation, weight management strategies, and ayurvedic formulation Tab PCOSTA with Tab PCOSHERB.(2) Regular follow-up demonstrated improvement in menstrual regularity, reduction in hyperandrogenic symptoms, and overall reproductive health. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive management, and patient counseling in achieving favorable outcomes in PCOS.

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 Keywords

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Primary Infertility, Hirsutism, Irregular Menstruation, Obesity, Hyperandrogenism

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Abstract Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an essential component of teacher education and it has significantly contributed to academic achievement of prospective teachers. This study aims to identify the major themes related to ICT and academic achievement among prospective teachers through a thematic review. Relevant research articles published between 2009 and 2025, were systematically reviewed for this study. Five major themes were found after the analysis namely; (i) Academic achievement, (ii) Digital Competence, (iii) Collaborative Learning, (iv) Institutional Support, and (v) Challenges for ICT Integration. The findings of the study indicate that effective ICT integration enhances learning outcomes, digital competence, motivation and collaborative learning among prospective teachers. However, the effective use of ICT in teacher education was found to be hampered by challenges like; inadequate infrastructure, limited digital skills and insufficient professional training. The review concludes that strengthening ICT competencies, institutional support and technology-enabled pedagogical practices is vital for improving the academic achievement of prospective teachers.

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Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, ICT, Academic Achievement, Prospective Teachers, Teacher Education, Digital Competence, Thematic Review.

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The research papers critically examins the pivotal role of community health workers particularly Accredited social Health Activists and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives as key agents of grassroots governance in India's rural health system situated within a decentralised democratic framework . the study further explores how CHWs act as midiators between formal bureaucratic institutions and informal rural social structures thereby contributing to inclusive governance and participatory development .

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Grassroots Governance , community health workers , Public policy , decentralised administration

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Abstract Background Classical homoeopathy emphasizes the importance of peculiar, queer, rare, and strange (PQRS) symptoms in remedy selection. Such symptoms often individualize the patient and guide the physician toward the constitutional simillimum. The present case illustrates the use of a characteristic craving for raw rice as the decisive symptom in selecting Alumina for a patient presenting with hypothyroidism and Anemia. Case Presentation A 48-year-old female presented with progressive hair fall, weight gain, weakness, fatigue, irritability, mood changes, and reduced desire to work for six months. Laboratory investigations revealed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 12.6 mIU/L and hemoglobin of 9.2 g/dL. An endocrinologist initiated Thyronorm 25 mcg daily. Detailed homoeopathic case-taking revealed a hot thermal state, thirst, desire for non-vegetarian food, occasional hard stools, leadership tendencies in church activities, desire to influence others, and a striking craving for raw rice. Based on the totality of symptoms, particularly the PQRS symptom of raw rice craving, Alumina was prescribed. Outcome The patient demonstrated progressive improvement in energy levels, mood, hair fall, and general well-being. TSH decreased from 12.6 mIU/L at presentation to 10.6 mIU/L after two months of conventional treatment and subsequently reached 1.32 mIU/L by July 2026 during continued homoeopathic follow-up. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of PQRS symptoms in constitutional prescribing and demonstrates how an unusual craving can serve as the key to remedy selection in chronic endocrine disorders.

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Alumina, PQRS symptom, hypothyroidism, pica, raw rice craving, constitutional prescribing, homoeopathy.

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In today's society, schools have confined the scope of education to Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic i.e. 3R's only. Emphasis is given more on the cognitive domain only but the affective and psychomotor domains are barely explored. To be a 21st century learner, the school must incorporate all the skills that is required to survive in the present society, be it social skills, communication skills, life skills, livelihood skills, wellbeing skills or technological skills. Indian knowledge system is that package of education that needs to be imparted among the students of India so that they can resonate with life and children from diverse backgrounds get benefited. To cater the need of the students of the country, to broaden the scope of education, many alternative schools have aimed to propagate education that covers all the domains, the education that is indigenous and that suffice the needs of the drop-outs, at risk students, disadvantaged class. Thus, this study will explore the current status of alternative school in India and the education system they follow. Also, the need and significance of the integration of alternative schools and IKS in the present society will be discussed here.

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Keywords: Alternative school, Indian knowledge system, Curriculum, Pedagogy, 21st century skills.

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ABSTRACT : Tracheostomy is probably the most common surgical procedure performed on critically ill patients. Approximately 10 percent of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients undergo tracheostomy to facilitate prolonged airway and ventilator support. It is of prime importance to nurses for tracheostomy care. Tracheotomy is a common procedure in intensive care units and nurses must provide proper care to patients to prevent complications. One of the most important considerations is effective mobilization of secretions and a suction catheter is the most important tool for same purpose. Each bedside should be equipped with a functional suctioning system, an oxygen source, a manual resuscitation bag and a complete tracheostomy kit, which should accompany patients wherever they go in the hospital. The present study title: a study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding tracheostomy care among staff nurses working at selected government hospital, Jodhpur."The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding tracheostomy care among staff nurses, and to find the association between pre-test knowledge score with selected socio demographic variables. Material and Methods: In present study, researcher adopted "one group pre-test, post -test design". It was carried out on 60samples. The Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select samples for staff nurses working in Government Hospital. Ethical clearance was taken from Institutional ethics committee. Data analysis was done mainly using descriptive statistics test, T test. Result: Mean Post-test mean Knowledge Score (28.12) was higher than the Pre-test mean Knowledge Score (16.38).The calculated t-value (12.07) and P value is less than table value at 0.05 level of significance Hence the research hypothesis H1 was accepted and stated there will be significant difference between pretest and post test score on knowledge score of tracheostomy care among staff nurses will be significantly higher than the Pre-test Knowledge Score. Hence the researcher concluded that S.T.P. is an effective teaching method to impart knowledge for tracheostomycare among staff nurses.

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Key words - Evalute,Effectivness,Knowledge,Stractured Teaching Program, Nursing Staff.

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: In marine operations, sonar devices are plays a significant role for detecting submerged objects such as rocks and mines. Accurate classification of these signals is necessary to ensure marine safety and security. This study presents a comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms applied to the Sonar dataset. We used a dataset from Kaggle to train a machine- learning model for underwater mine and rock classification, consisting of 208 samples with 60 features. In this work, a comprehensive machine learning pipeline is developed that incorporates data preprocessing, feature scaling, model training, and evaluation. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel is optimized using GridSearchCV with cross-validation to achieve optimal performance. Multiple Supervised Machine learning algorithms--including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Neural Network (MLP), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN)- are implemented for comparative analysis. Model performance is evaluated using various metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrix, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve with Area Under the Curve (AUC). Stratified k-fold cross-validation further confirms the robustness and generalization capability of the model. The results demonstrate that SVM outperforms other models in balancing precision and recall for this dataset. The tuned SVM with RBF kernel achieved 92.85% accuracy and 0.97 AUC, outperforming most baseline models. Neural Networks and KNN also demonstrated competitive performance. Visualizations, including ROC curves, confusion matrices, grouped bar charts, and cross validation, confirmed model robustness. The proposed system was deployed as a predictive application, enabling real time classification of Sonar Signals.

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sonar signal classification, comparative analysis, supervised machine learning, logistic regression, support vector machine (svm), random forest, neural network (mlp), stochastic gradient descent (sgd), and k nearest neighbors (knn).

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Ambikagiri Raichoudhury (1885-1967), popularly honoured as Assam Kesari (The Lion of Assam), occupies a distinguished position in the political, literary, and cultural history of modern Assam. He emerged as one of the most influential personalities during the Indian freedom movement by integrating anti-colonial nationalism with the protection of Assamese language, literature, and cultural identity. Unlike many political leaders whose activities remained confined to political campaigns, Ambikagiri employed literature, journalism, public speeches, and cultural activism as powerful instruments to awaken national consciousness among the people. His writings inspired patriotism, social responsibility, and resistance against colonial domination while simultaneously encouraging the preservation of Assam's unique cultural heritage. His political philosophy reflected an inclusive vision of nationalism in which regional identity strengthened, rather than weakened, the broader cause of Indian nation-building. Through organisations, literary works, educational initiatives, and public movements, he sought to cultivate self-respect, unity, and democratic values among the people of Assam. This study examines Ambikagiri Raichoudhury's contribution to India's freedom struggle, analyses his political and cultural ideology, and evaluates his lasting role in shaping Assamese identity. The article argues that his legacy continues to remain relevant in contemporary India, particularly in discussions concerning cultural pluralism, linguistic preservation, democratic nationalism, and regional autonomy.

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Ambikagiri Raichoudhury, Indian Freedom Movement, Assam Kesari, Nationalism, Assamese Identity, Cultural Nationalism, Freedom Struggle, Assam.

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Food waste poses a major challenge to global sustainable development and food security. China's Anti-Food Waste Law, introduced in 2021, is an important intervention policy that aims to curb food waste by influencing public attitudes and consumption behaviors. Based on social media text mining, this study systematically evaluates the policy effects of the law. By analyzing more than 81,000 microblogs related to food waste from 2019 to 2023, the changes in public discourse, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors before and after the implementation of the law were explored. The study found that government initiatives such as the "Clean Plate Campaign" were widely disseminated on social media and became the focus of public discussion. Topic model analysis revealed that public perception closely aligned with the core principles of the Anti-Food Waste Law, demonstrating that the law had a significant influence on shaping public discourse. Sentiment analysis results showed that public sentiment reached a peak at the beginning of policy implementation, but its positive impact did not last long. Overall, this study verified the application potential of text mining technology in policy effect evaluation and emphasized that sustained public participation is essential for the long-term effectiveness of policies. It is recommended that policymakers continue to carry out highly interactive campaigns through social media to consolidate the social consensus against food waste.

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 Keywords

Food Waste, Policy Evaluation, Text Mining, Public Sentiment, China's Anti-Food Waste Law, Large Language Models

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