Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This study explores the intersection between Buddhist epistemology and contemporary reflective and inquiry-based pedagogy. Drawing from classical Indian philosophical traditions, particularly the works of Dign?ga and Dharmak?rti, Buddhist epistemology emphasizes pram??a (valid cognition), specifically pratyak?a (direct perception) and anum?na (inference), as authentic means of acquiring knowledge. These concepts offer powerful tools for developing critical thinking, metacognitive awareness, and experiential learning in educational contexts. The research adopts a qualitative, theoretical, and content-analytical approach, engaging with canonical texts and modern commentaries to examine how Buddhist modes of knowing align with progressive educational paradigms. The study demonstrates that pratyak?a fosters mindfulness and attentiveness, supporting reflective learning practices, while anum?na encourages logical reasoning, hypothesis testing, and dialogical engagement. These principles resonate with inquiry-based learning, which promotes student-led questioning, exploration, and meaning-making. Furthermore, the ethical and contemplative aspects of Buddhist thought--emphasizing compassion, non-attachment, and wisdom--enhance the moral and emotional dimensions of pedagogy. Based on these insights, the study proposes pedagogical strategies such as mindfulness-based reflective learning, dialectical inquiry circles, and self-inquiry portfolios. These models encourage learners to engage with content actively, critically, and ethically. Ultimately, the research advocates for a reorientation of educational practices that integrates Buddhist epistemological insights to support holistic, learner-centered development. In doing so, it contributes to the broader discourse on decolonizing education and enriching pedagogy through indigenous knowledge systems. The study concludes that Buddhist epistemology provides a transformative framework for fostering inquiry, self-awareness, and ethical reflection in modern classrooms.

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 Keywords

Buddhist Epistemology, Reflective Pedagogy, Inquiry-Based Learning, Pratyak?a, Anum?na, Mindfulness

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 Abstract

???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? 1986 ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? 1992 ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????, 2020 ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ??. ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ????, ????????, ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? '?????? 2030' ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? 21??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????-?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???? 1986 ?? ????? 2020 ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???

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?????? ??????, ????????? ??????, ?????? ????, ????????? ?????? ???? 1986, ????????? ?????? ???? 2020

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Rural Livelihood, Off-season, Cucumber, Organic, Economic benefits, Aliba village.

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IntelliScan is an AI-powered system for automated car damage detection and classification. Using Mask R-CNN and ResNet-based models, it analyzes uploaded images to identify damage presence, severity, and location. Developed with a Flask web interface, the system offers fast, accurate, and scalable inspection ideal for insurance, rentals, and fleet management. By combining instance segmentation with multi-class classification, IntelliScan provides precise and reliable results, reducing the need for manual vehicle assessment.

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Deep Learning, Image Classification, Mask R-CNN, TensorFlow, Flask Web Application

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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in economic development, yet many continue to face operational inefficiencies due to limited adoption of digital tools such as accounting software. This study investigates the key determinants influencing the adoption of accounting software among SMEs, with a focus on organizational, technological, and environmental factors. Drawing upon established theoretical frameworks such as the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research adopts a quantitative approach using survey data collected from 200 SMEs across diverse sectors.

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Accounting Software, SMEs, Technology Adoption, TOE Framework, TAM, Empirical Analysis

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This study investigates the integration of blockchain technology and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to develop resilient communication protocols for next-generation networks. As the complexity and burden on the current state of the global communication infrastructure are growing, especially concerning security, scalability, and flexibility, this study proposes a new solution that unites the potential of Blockchain and SDN. Blockchain enhances security in networks because they have nothing to rely on for visibility of transactions. SDN allows for dynamic control of the network and can be run more efficiently. Together, these technologies form a robust framework for addressing the challenges of next-generation networks, including 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT). To evaluate the effects of blockchain-SDN integration on network resilience, the research methodology will employ a combination of case studies, simulations, and performance testing. The observed results demonstrate significant contributions in security, scalability, and fault tolerance, providing valuable insights for future communication networks in terms of designing and creating a secure and scalable infrastructure.

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Blockchain, Software-Defined Networking, SDN, resilience, security, scalability, 5G, Internet of Things

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The rapid urbanization and demand for high-rise buildings have emphasized the need for efficient structural systems. Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures, although widely used, pose limitations in terms of self-weight and construction speed. Composite structures, integrating steel and concrete, offer significant benefits in strength-to-weight ratio, construction efficiency, and seismic performance. This study presents a comparative analysis of RCC and steel- concrete composite frame systems for a G+10 commercial building. Key performance parameters such as structural weight, time period, base shear, maximum story displacement and story drift are evaluated. Material consumption for both steel and concrete is estimated, followed by a cost comparison to highlight economic feasibility. The analysis is carried out using ETABS with Response Spectrum method under seismic zone III.

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RCC, Composite, structural weight, time period, base shear, story displacement, story drift, cost comparison, Response Spectrum

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India is among the fastest-growing countries in the world. It is getting ready to compete with the rest of the world by modernizing the educational system and introducing vocational education at the school level. Vocational education helps bridge the gap between education and employment by equipping students with practical skills. Girls benefit from it as well in terms of resilience, confidence, self-worth, and self-employment. In addition to helping people feel better about themselves, vocational education for girls also contributes to India's economic development. Understanding the importance of vocational education and the role the government plays in implementing it at the school level to provide young girls the skills they need to compete in the real world is the aim of the current study.

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Vocational education, employment, girl child, encouraging

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Women entrepreneurship in India has emerged as a powerful force of transformation in recent decades, reflecting broader social, economic, and cultural shifts in the country. Traditionally confined to domestic roles, Indian women are now stepping into the entrepreneurial ecosystem, creating innovative businesses, generating employment, and contributing significantly to the national economy. This shift is not merely economic--it represents a redefinition of gender roles, greater financial independence, and increased participation in decision-making at both family and community levels. The growth of women-led enterprises is supported by various factors, including improved access to education, digital technology, government schemes like Startup India, Stand up India, Mahila E-Haat, and increased microfinance opportunities. However, women entrepreneurs continue to face multiple challenges such as lack of access to capital, societal stigma, gender bias, limited mobility, and insufficient business training. Despite these barriers, many women are transforming their domestic skills into successful business ventures in sectors such as handicrafts, textiles, food processing, beauty services, e-commerce, and agriculture. This abstract explores the evolution of women entrepreneurship in India, emphasizing the social and economic impact of women-owned businesses, the role of government and private initiatives, and the ongoing need to create a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem. Promoting women entrepreneurship is not just a matter of gender equality-it is a crucial step toward sustainable development, innovation, and inclusive economic growth. As more women rise from the constraints of tradition to the possibilities of entrepreneurship, India moves closer to realizing its full potential as a gender-balanced and economically empowered nation. Women entrepreneurship in India has become a key driver of social transformation and economic growth. Traditionally, Indian society placed women primarily in domestic roles, but over the years, women have increasingly stepped into the business world breaking stereotypes, creating jobs, and contributing to the country's GDP. Today, Indian women are leading businesses across sectors including agriculture, fashion, education, health care, technology, e-commerce, and small-scale manufacturing. Their contributions are not limited to urban areas; rural women are also emerging as strong micro-entrepreneurs with the help of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), government programs, and microfinance institutions. The Government of India has launched various initiatives to support and encourage women entrepreneurs such as Stand Up India, Startup India, Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, and Mahila E-Haat. These schemes provide.

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Women To Start And Scale Businesses, (SHGS), Government Programs, Startup India

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Shatavari, Asparagus racemosus is one of the most important herbal drug used by Ayurvedic Vaidyas since ancient days. The drug is having wide range of therapeutic activity and mentioned as a Rasayan by ancient Ayurvedic texts. The main part (prayojyanga) used by Ayurvedic doctors is a root. Shatavari ksheerapaka, prepared using Asparagus racemosus in cow milk, offers potential therapeutic benefits due to its Snigdha (unctuous), Sheeta (cooling), Rasayana (rejuvenative) & Chakshushya (pleasant to eyes) properties. Due to its Chakshushya property shatavari is traditionally used in the treatment of Dry eye disease according to ayurvedic texts.

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Shatavari, ksheerapaka, Rasayan, Chakshushya, Prayojyanga.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition