Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Growth of small tea gardens initiated during the last part of the 20th century is considered as a turning point for the traditional agricultural economy of Assam towards commercial farming. Small scale tea farming also appeared to open up new doors for a few other commercial agricultures and allied agricultural activities that characterized the rural economic landscape of Assam at the onset of the present century. It is observed that the small-scale tea gardens, which presented a sharp growth rate contributing significantly to income and employment generation in rural areas present a sluggish growth rate after the year 2010. Such a growth recession of the small tea gardens appears to impact adversely the economic growth momentum achieved by the small and medium tea farmers of Assam. Sharp regional and seasonal variation in prices of green tea leaves produced by the small-scale tea growers and rise in their production cost leads to recession of both the growth and expansion of small scall tea gardens in the study area as against a spurt in the growth of allied agricultural activities. Absence of any secured pricing system for the products of the small tea gardens is likely to make this vibrant sector of rural economic growth a retrograded sector of commercial agriculture of Assam. The present work intends to analyzed the causes of growth recession of small-scale tea gardens and its impact on the rural economy of Assam; considering Sonitpur district as a representative areal unit of study.

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 Keywords

Small Tea Gardens, Growth, Recession, Rural Economy, Sustainable

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This study explores consumer impulse buying behavior influenced by flash sales and limited-time promotions in Ranchi City, Jharkhand. In the era of digital marketing and e-commerce growth, time-bound promotional strategies such as flash sales and limited-time offers have become powerful tools to stimulate unplanned purchasing decisions among consumers. The research aims to understand how these promotional techniques affect consumer psychology, decision-making, and purchasing patterns in an emerging urban market like Ranchi. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 100-150 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using percentage analysis along with the help of tables, bar graphs, and pie charts to present the findings in a clear and systematic manner. The research focuses on identifying key factors such as urgency, perceived discounts, social influence, emotional triggers, and convenience that contribute to impulse buying behavior. The findings reveal that flash sales and limited-time promotions significantly influence consumers by creating a sense of urgency and fear of missing out (FOMO), leading to spontaneous purchase decisions. Consumers, especially young and digitally active individuals, are more prone to impulse buying during such promotional events. However, factors like income level, awareness, and prior purchase planning also play a moderating role. The study concludes that while these marketing strategies effectively boost short-term sales, they also shape consumer behavior patterns in the long run. It suggests that businesses should use such promotional tools strategically while consumers should develop awareness to make more rational purchasing decisions.

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Impulse Buying Behavior, Flash Sales, Limited-Time Promotions, Consumer Behavior, Ranchi, Jharkhand

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Abstract In the 21st century, the gravitas of global politics and economics has decisively shifted from the Euro-Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific region. As a conduit for over half of the world's maritime trade and energy lifelines, the stability of this region is paramount. However, contemporary security dynamics are threatened by emerging challenges, most notably China's assertive military expansionism, unilateral attempts to alter the status quo, maritime piracy, and supply chain vulnerabilities. In this volatile theatre, India and Japan--the two premier democratic anchors of Asia--have transitioned their relationship from economic synergy to a robust defence and strategic alliance. This research paper analyses the multi-dimensional security challenges plaguing the Indo-Pacific. It evaluates the evolution of India-Japan defence cooperation through institutional frameworks (such as the 2+2 dialogues), interoperability exercises (such as JIMEX, Dharma Guardian), and the historic shift toward defence technology co-development, epitomized by the 2026 UNICORN stealth antenna project. Ultimately, the paper contends that the India-Japan "Special Strategic and Global Partnership" serves as the bedrock for guaranteeing a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) and maintaining a multipolar regional balance of power.

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Keywords: Indo-Pacific, India-Japan Defence Cooperation, Chinese Expansionism, QUAD, Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP), UNICORN Project, Economic Security, Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA).

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Kaumarbhritya, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, deals comprehensively with neonatal and paediatric healthcare. Ancient Ayurvedic scholars emphasized not only nutrition and disease management but also the psychological, emotional, intellectual, and social wellbeing of children. Among the various supportive measures described for proper child growth and development, Kridanaka (toys) hold a significant place. Ayurvedic classics describe ideal toys as attractive, lightweight, colourful, safe, non-toxic, non-frightening, and developmentally stimulating. These toys were intended to enhance sensory perception, motor coordination, cognitive development, emotional stability, and social interaction in infants and children. The present review explores the classical references, characteristics, classification, developmental significance, therapeutic applications, and modern scientific relevance of Kridanaka in Kaumarbhritya. Ancient Ayurvedic descriptions are correlated with contemporary paediatric developmental psychology and modern toy safety standards. The study highlights that toys in Ayurveda were not considered mere play objects but important tools for holistic development and behavioural conditioning. The review further discusses the importance of age-appropriate toys, environmental enrichment, and play therapy in child healthcare. Revisiting the Ayurvedic concept of Kridanaka may contribute significantly toward safe, natural, and development-oriented childcare practices in modern society.

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Kaumarbhritya, Kridanaka, Ayurveda, Toys, Paediatric Development, Child Psychology, Kashyapa Samhita, Play Therapy.

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The Smart Irrigation System is designed to make farming easier and more efficient by using modern IoT technology. It helps farmers provide the right amount of water to their crops by continuously monitoring soil moisture, temperature, humidity and rainfall conditions. The system uses sensors to collect real-time data and an ESP32 microcontroller to automatically control irrigation based on the needs of the soil. It is connected to web application, allowing farmers to check field conditions, receive alerts via email and control the system remotely. By reducing water wastage, saving time and improving crop health, this system provides a practical and affordable solution for smarter and more sustainable farming.

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Smart Irrigation System, Internet of Things, IoT, Precision Farming, Automation, Sensors.

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Background: Agadatantra, the Ayurvedic science of toxicology, systematically classifies poisons (Visha) of plant, animal, and mineral origin and details their clinical presentation and management. Contemporary advances in molecular biology, genetics, and computational sciences offer tools to examine these classical principles through modern mechanistic frameworks. Objectives: This chapter aims to (i) delineate molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of plant- and animal-derived poisons; (ii) examine how genetic variability and pharmacogenomics shape individual toxic responses; (iii) contextualize the cellular and genetic impact of environmental pollutants within the Ayurvedic concept of Janpadodhvamsa; and (iv) evaluate the contribution of bioinformatics and computational modeling to toxin characterization, predictive toxicology, and personalized therapy. Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted, synthesizing evidence from classical Ayurvedic texts alongside contemporary literature in molecular toxicology, pharmacogenomics, and computational biology. Results and Discussion: Plant- and animal-derived toxins disturb cellular homeostasis through oxidative stress, receptor modulation, enzymatic inhibition, and apoptotic pathways processes mirrored in Ayurvedic symptomatology. Genetic polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes validate Prakriti-based susceptibility. Environmental toxins cause DNA damage and immune dysregulation consistent with Janpadodhvamsa. Computational tools such as molecular docking, pathway mapping, network pharmacology, and omics integration extend the investigative scope of Agadatantra. Conclusion: Integrating traditional Ayurvedic toxicology with molecular and computational sciences yields a holistic, evidence-enriched paradigm for advancing toxicology research, validating classical concepts, and guiding precision antidote development.

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Sthavara Visha, Jangama Visha, molecular toxicology, pharmacogenomics, Janpadodhvamsa, bioinformatics, personalized toxicology.

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Career planning and career development are becoming increasingly complex due to the rapidly changing demands of the sector, technological progress and the evolving demands of the workforce. Traditional career guidance approaches often lack personalization, scalability and real-time adaptability, which makes it difficult for students and professionals to make informed career choices. This document presents CareerAI, an intelligent AI-driven career guidance and coaching platform for personalised career advice, industry insights, resume optimization, interview preparation and cover letter generation using generative artificial intelligence. The proposed platform integrates large language models with user profile analysis to provide tailored career guidance based on educational background, skills, interests, experience and career objectives. The system uses Gemini AI to produce sector-specific insights, identify skills gaps, recommend learning paths and provide market-relevant career information. In addition, AI-powered modules for enhancing resumes and job interviews help users to improve employability and job readiness. The platform is developed with Next.js 15, React 19, Prisma ORM, PostgreSQL, Clustered Verification, Tailwind CSS, and Gemini AI. The experimental evaluation shows that the platform is effective in improving career planning effectiveness, resume quality, interview readiness and decision-making skills. The results show that AI-assisted career guidance can provide scalable and personalised support for professional development, while bridging the gap between academic qualifications and the expectations of the workplace.

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artificial intelligence, career guidance, career coaching, generative AI, resume optimization, interview preparation, personalized recommendation system, career development.

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In Ayurveda, acne is considered to be caused by an imbalance of the tri doshas - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Following a balanced Ayurvedic diet that is suitable for your dosha type can also help in preventing and treating acne. Human skin is the most susceptible body part, which is highly vulnerable to exposure to microorganisms and pathogens, leading to a variety of skin-related diseases. One of the causes of acne vulgaris at puberty is hormonal changes in the body. E. Coil species & Staphylococcus are mainly responsible for the formation of acne and cutaneous infections on the skin. Ethanolic extract of Symplocos bark was investigated extensively for its antiacne activity. Formulation of topical gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934, Sodium alginate, Symplocos bark extract, methyl paraben, sufficient quantity of distilled water. The prepared formulation was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, and viscosity for antiacne activity. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed against S. aureus and E. coli, using Muller-Hinton agar by the well diffusion method. The results from the Muller-Hinton agar well diffusion method confirmed that Symplocos racemosa Roxb. would inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, and the prepared herbal gel showed antibacterial activity against these bacteria.

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Sagging, Follicles, Melanocytes, Vulgaris, Pustule.

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Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Prickly Chaff Flower) is a significant or notable medicinal herb that is a member of the Amaranthaceae family. It has been adopted in traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, for centuries. The plant is highly considered for its diverse therapeutic properties and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. This review provides a compact summary of the available data regarding the taxonomy, vernacular names, geographical distribution, botanical characteristics, ethnopharmacological significance, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of A. aspera. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and amino acids has been identified through phytochemical investigations, all of which contribute to the plant's biological activities. Experimental research has revealed a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, bronchoprotective, wound healing, anti-allergic, diuretic, larvicidal, spermicidal, and anthelmintic properties. The traditional use of this substance is well-established by its Wide range of medicinal properties, which also highlight its potential as a valuable source for the development of new therapeutic agents. However, additional phytochemical investigations, toxicological evaluations, and well-designed clinical studies are essential to establish its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic applications in contemporary medicine

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Achyranthes aspera, Prickly Chaff Flower, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical Constituents, Traditional Medicine, Pharmacological Activities, Medicinal Herb.

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Environmental accounting and reporting have become important components of sustainable industrial management, especially in pollution-intensive industries such as mining. Rajasthan is one of the leading mining states in India and contributes significantly to the production of minerals such as marble, limestone, sandstone, gypsum, and zinc. Although mining activities support economic growth and employment generation, they also create environmental problems such as air pollution, water contamination, land degradation, and ecological imbalance. Therefore, mining companies are increasingly adopting environmental accounting and environmental reporting practices to improve sustainability and compliance with environmental laws. The present study analyzes the types of environmental accounting used in the Rajasthan mining sector, the environmental accounting practices followed by mining companies, and the environmental reporting techniques adopted by organizations. The study also examines the effectiveness of different environmental accounting techniques and their impact on organizational performance and sustainability. Both primary and secondary data were used for the research. Primary data were collected from 100 respondents working in mining companies through structured questionnaires, while secondary data were collected from journals, annual reports, sustainability reports, and government publications. The study uses percentage analysis and chi-square testing to examine the relationship between environmental accounting practices and organizational performance, as well as the relationship between environmental reporting techniques and corporate sustainability performance. The findings reveal that companies using advanced environmental accounting and reporting techniques achieve better environmental compliance, cost control, transparency, and corporate reputation. The study concludes that environmental accounting and reporting are essential for sustainable development in the Rajasthan mining sector.

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 Keywords

Environmental Accounting, Environmental Reporting, Mining Sector, Sustainability, Rajasthan

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