Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Surrogacy is a promising treatment for infertility. It can potentially solve several intolerable difficulties which the infertile couples and their families face. Although initially frowned upon, evidence shows that the surrogacy arrangements are more acceptable now than when it was first introduced. Nevertheless, changes in the attitude in decision making about surrogacy can also be seen in some countries, but there are still indications of the degree of divergence between discourse and the actual practice of different forms of surrogacy around the world. Social, ethical and legal problems are subject to major debates and disagreements in natural or partial surrogacy or genetically unrelated full surrogacy. Genetic gestation surrogacy may largely free from social, legal and moral complications. It is a great choice of infertility treatment if the couple want their own genetic baby, but it still requires more thoughts and discussion. The paper presents surrogacy, its types, laws, acts and judgements given by courts.

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Key Words: Surrogacy, Types, Laws, Acts, Provisions and way forward

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE OF GRADE M20, M25 AND M60 BY USING OF RICE HUSK ASH AND WASTE GRANITE POWDER

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Concrete, rice husk ash, waste granite powder, partial replacement, sustainable construction, strength, durability.

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This study examines the sustainability of an interest-free banking system, with a specific focus on Islamic banking in the Middle-East Countries. Islamic banking is an unknown concept in most part of the world and is only associated with a dislike to interest, but Islamic banking contains much more than just prohibition of interest. Islamic banking governed by the Sharia Law does not only focus on an interest-free banking system but it also focuses on aspects like risk-sharing, profit-making, asset-backed financing etc., Islamic banking stress on the concept that society can be served with ethics and finance. The main motive behind this banking system is to eradicate injustice in the society. Islamic banking is different from conventional banking, because of its close ties with religion. Islamic banking was an unknown concept in non-Islamic countries but in recent times it has gain a very huge popularity in many parts and countries of the world. Islamic banking has been always practiced in the Islamic world, but because of political influences, the implementation of Islamic banking system varies in different Islamic country. As the implementation of Islamic banking varies to some extent between Islamic countries, it is very crucial for the banks activities to be controlled by a Religious Supervisory Board to harmonised the implementation and govern it according to the sharia law. This study focuses on how does this system of an interest-free, asset-backed financing system sustains itself, and how does these principles help in the growth and sustainability of Islamic banks in the Arab and Muslim world. It concludes with its effort to harmonize rules and regulations for achieving more growth in the Islamic world and beyond.

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Interest-Free Banking System, Islamic Baking, Islamic country Middle-East Countries and Sustainability etc

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In Tamil grammatical tradition, there are divisions such as letter, word, meaning, prosody, and style. Among these, the grammar of words is an indispensable aspect. A single letter cannot convey meaning on its own; it is the combination of letters that forms language. Therefore, language operates through words. These words are used by people in prose and poetry. Words used in prose convey a direct meaning. However, when used by poets, they convey hidden meanings through poetry. Ordinary people might not understand these poetic expressions. Only learned poets can interpret these hidden meanings. Even though literary words are employed in Tamil grammar, in some nuanced contexts, compound sentences are used to denote concise meanings. These compound words are employed to delve into the depths of the poetic meaning, and they are categorized into six types. These categories are used for the profundity of the poem's meaning, known as "Thogai." In Tamil grammatical tradition, there is a custom of classifying into 'Vagai' (type), 'Thogai' (compound), and 'Vari' (verse). Among these three categories, "Thogai" refers to collecting classified items. Generally, collecting is referred to as "Thogai," but in the tradition of word grammar, "Thogai" signifies hiding or coming together subtly. To articulate extensively while maintaining the poetic quality, "Thogai" has been used to express concisely. Among the six types of compounds ('Vetrumaith thogai' (case compound), 'Uvamaith thogai' (simile compound), 'Vinaith thogai' (verb compound), 'Panbuth thogai' (quality compound), 'Ummaith thogai' (reciprocal compound), and 'Anmozhith thogai' (descriptive compound)), this article will discuss the quality compound as found in the Kurinji poetry.

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Quality compound, Kurinji poetry, Grammatical tradition, Verse, Compound sentences, Thogai

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Sunscreen is a chemical compound that help protect you from UV rays sunburn is caused by ultraviolet B radiation but ultraviolet a may be more damaging to the skin. Sunscreen should ideally block both wavebands. Sunscreen should ideally block both wavebands. The aim of this study was to develop a topical sunscreen formulation based on some fixed oils, in combination with some medical plants. Regular use of sunscreen reduces the development of actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Sunscreen may be organic or inorganic chemicals. Sunscreen is also known as sunblock lotion. The sunlight includes dangerous radiations which influence the skin health. Herbal sunscreens resource the body's protection mechanisms to shield against harmful UV radiation from the sun. In the present study, sunscreen creams were formulated with Turmeric extract and Aloe vera extract. Physico-chemical evaluations and in-vitro evaluation was done and of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) were also performed for the formulations. The SPF calculation of prepared cream was done using Mansur equation and was compared with a marketed herbal product. The formulated cream was having good physicoche mical characteristics. The SPF evaluation results (SPF-24.888) indicated that the prepared herbal sunscreen has promising sun protection

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Classification, Mechanism of photo protection,

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Bodo language is one of the most prominent languages of north-east India among the tribal people. The language is originally derived from Sino-Tibetan language family under the TibetoBurman group. It is closely related to Dimasa, Garo, and Kokborok languages of Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura. This language speakers are residing in the north eastern part of India, in North-Bengal area of the state of West Bengal and in the neighbouring country Nepal. Regarding its origin, Bodo language has no any particular record. They use Devanagari Script for the writing purpose but earlier they used Roman Script for writing the language. The Bodo language is one of the 22 languages recognized by the government of India and included in the eight schedule of the Indian constitution. Bodo language was introduced as the medium of instruction in the primary level in 1963. Presently, this language is being used as medium of instruction in educational institutions up to the secondary level. In 1994, the Gauhati University introduced a diploma course in this language and in 1996, the Bodo language has attained a position of pride with the opening of post-graduate course in Bodo language and literature in the Gauhati University. There are numerous famous books on poetry, novel, drama, short story, biography, travelogue, children literature and literary criticism written in Bodo language.

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Language, Roman Script, Devanagiri, Recognised, Eight Schedule

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The Covid-19 Pandemic has resulted in extraordinary situations where global economies have been shut down using lockdown procedures to prevent the spread of this disease. Information has become the most valuable asset in the emerging world. Hence, information has become one of the major driving forces that lead a country towards sustainable development. So this study based upon the kinds of services provided by the academic libraries during and after the pandemic and the challenges faced by them. Also the studies discuss the measures taken to overcome the problems are examined and also the changes adapted by the libraries to manage the situation. The data was collected from the library staffs of University and College libraries of Kerala using Google form. The study shows that most of the academic libraries have started new online services and have been using social media new online software's to communicate with their users after this pandemic period. The results indicated that effective use of electronic resources requires library users possess skills to use the access equipment such as computers and Internet facilities. The findings further indicated that there is need for the library staff to create awareness of the available resources among library users.

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Remote Access; Covid-19; Pandemic; Academic libraries; Kerala; Library services; College Libraries

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The biggest sanitation initiative the Indian government has ever launched, the "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan" (SBA) was introduced on October 2, 2014, by the current prime minister of the country. The campaign's objective is to increase sanitation, hygiene, and cleanliness nationwide, with an emphasis on rural and urban slums. Among the main objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan are the elimination of open defecation, improved solid waste management, promotion of safe and sustainable sanitation practices, and increased public awareness of the importance of hygiene and cleanliness. Ngopa town was adjudged as the 'best performer' under the Urban Towns category in the Mizoram Cleanliness Competition-2022 conducted by the Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation Department, Government of Mizoram. This exploratory study examines cleanliness awareness and performance in Ngopa, Mizoram. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the research aims to evaluate the impact of local cleanliness initiatives, community participation, and government policies on the overall sanitation standards. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and field observations, highlighting the community's engagement and challenges faced in maintaining hygiene. The findings reveal a moderate level of awareness and participation among residents, emphasizing the need for enhanced educational campaigns and infrastructural support to achieve sustainable cleanliness and hygiene in the region.

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Cleanliness, Government, Community, Awareness, Participation

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Hypertension is a major global public health concern and primary cause of strokes, cardiovascular illnesses, and early mortality. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, determinants and socio-economic implications of hypertension in the urban area of Ranjeet Nagar, West Delhi. The methods included quantitative surveys, clinical examinations and qualitative interviews. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics and various risk factors increasing the prevalence of Hypertension. Standard operating protocols were followed for taking blood pressure and anthropometric measures. To discover chance variables connected to hypertension, numerous calculated relapses were utilized in the consideration and chances proportions with 95% certainty interims were computed.A total of 400 patients were surveyed within the age range of 30-60 years, among them 171 male patients 27.8% were hypertensive and out of 229 female patients 27.1% were hypertensive. The prevalence of the hypertension among current smoking (n=93) and alcohol consumption (n=280) was 32.3% and 29.9% respectively. Nearly half of the patients were overweight and obese (BMI >=25 to <=29.9 kg/m2) and 32-36% were found to be hypertensive. Occupation, marital status, education levels, BMI, weight, functional capacity, and diet were each associated with hypertension. When fit in a multivariable logistic regression model, occupation (AOR=0.5), marital status (AOR=3.12), education levels (AOR=1.43), functional capacity (AOR=1.13) and diet (AOR=0.6), all remained significantly associated with hypertension. Additionally, it was discovered that the statistical data's p value was statistically significant in the information gathered. At least one in three persons between the ages of 30 and 60 in metropolitan areas suffer from hypertension, a public health hazard. Patient's age, occupation, marital status, education, weight, BMI, food, alcohol use, smoking and functional ability are all significant risk factors for hypertension. To stop hypertension and its increasing effects, preventative strategies that target the modifiable risk factors linked with hypertension are necessary.

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Hypertension,Risk factors,Urbanization,Obesity,BMI

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BACKGROUND - Very few studies have evaluated the association between occupational factors and Low back pain among coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers. The epidemiological data on LBP in India-Gujarat-Jamnagar are limited. OBJECTIVE - The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of LBP in coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers of Jamnagar-Gujarat-India and to investigate the role of occupational factors. METHODOLOGY - Participants in this online cross-sectional study were engineers and workers in coal based thermal power plant at Jamnagar-Gujarat-India. The questionnaire and Oswestry disability index were sent through a social media platform. SPSS was used to analyze the data with a significant level of p<0.05 RESULT -The data of 107 power plant workers and engineers were evaluated, most participants were male (n=107, 100%), 25 to 65 years old, 57.9% no need of pain killers, 70.1% persona care is not affected, 48.6% able to lift heavy weights, 61.7% can walk any distance without extra pain, 58.9% can sit in any chair for long time, 57.9% can stand for longtime without extra pain, 75.7% can sleep well without any pain, 80.4% social life is not affected, 67.3% can travel without extra pain, 73.8% able to do home / job activities without pain, more than 60% (n=107) of engineers and workers had no disability per the Oswestry disability index. CONCLUSION - LBP was highly prevalent among coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers. LBP was associated with weight lifting, walking, prolonged sitting and standing, travelling. HR department should raise awareness of LBP among the workers and engineers and methods to improve their life styles and behaviors.

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Prevalence, Low back pain, Risk factors, Coal based power plant engineers and workers, Jamnagar.

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