Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This research focuses on to develop a machine learning application for aiding farmers with crop choice, disease detection, advice translation to local languages, and chatbot assistance using of computer vision and machine learning to optimize crop yields. Traditional farming practices often rely on manual labor and subjective decisions. However, recent advancements in computer vision and machine learning have allowed for the development of intelligent agricultural systems that can aid in crop monitoring, disease detection, and yield prediction. By leveraging data from sensors, drones, and satellites, these systems can analyze plant growth patterns, soil conditions, weather data, and other relevant factors to provide real-time recommendations for optimal crop management. This approach has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by increasing crop yields, reducing waste, and improving the overall sustainability of the industry.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Computer Vision, Machine Learning, Agricultural, Optimization

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Research on the extraction of betalains from plants such as bougainvillea offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dyes. Synthetic colorants are often associated with health risks and environmental pollution due to their chemical compositions and manufacturing processes.Betalains are not just pigments; they possess significant health benefits. Their strong antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress in the body. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and potential anticancer activities make them valuable for developing functional foods and nutraceuticals. This research aims to develop and optimize an efficient method for extracting betalains from bougainvillea flowers, characterize the extracted pigments, and evaluate their potential applications as natural colorants and antioxidants in various industries, including food and cosmetics.TLC analysis confirmed that bougainvillea contains betalains and their derivatives, validating its potential as a valuable source of these natural pigments. Standardization and phytochemical screening were done to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative parameters of Bougainvillea glabra. The study of the whole plant of Bougainvillea glabra was thoroughly investigated for its organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical characteristics, and major active constituents to analyze its superiority.Quantitative data for betacyanin determined by a spectrophotometric method and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were compared. Pigment solutions at pH 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 were heat treated under a nitrogen atmosphere and analyzed for pigment losses at appropriate intervals. Fresh, blanched and canned beets were measured for pigment content by the two methods. Quantitative determinations of pigment in all purified or undegraded samples compared well when analyzed by either method. Discrepancies between the results of the two procedures occurred and increased up to 15% with extended heat treatment of the pigment. The differences were attributed to the formation of degradation products or interfering substances. Of the two, the HPLC method is preferred when interfering substances are present.UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry of the beet extract confirmed that betanin has an absorption maximum varying from 430 nm to 520 nm.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Betalains,Bougainvillea, Extraction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Medicinal plants are assuming greater importance in the primary health care of individuals and communities in many developing countries. There has been an increase of demand in international trade because of very effective, cheaply available, supposedly have no side effects and used as alternative to allopathic medicines. Medicinal plants are believed to be much safer and proved elixir in the treatment of various ailments. Rhizome and roots of this plants are used as tonic in typhoid fever and dyspepsia. Traditional use of this drug is in diarrhea, typhoid, jaundice, fever, headache, skin disease and syphilis. In another combination of drug, Drynaria is used for expelling rheumatism. In the treatment of hyperthyroidism, Drynaria along with other drugs are used. The ethnomedicinal uses of the fern Drynaria quercifolia have been pharmacologically confirmed by several workers such as anthelmintic activity, antibacterial and antidermatophytic activity. Hence the objective of this present study is to estimate the anti-inflammatory activity & anti-diabetic activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae . In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried were carried out by heat induced hemolysis method. In-vitro anti-diabetic activity of the fresh and Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae were carried out by ?-amylase method. Cabinet dried drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae have shown a better profile of anti-inflammatory & anti-diabetic activity compared to fresh drynaria quercifolia (l.)j. sm. -polypodiaceae and thus it can be used for therapeutic purposes. Results revealed that the Drynaria quercifolia rhizome extracts contains abundant amount of anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rheumatism, Pharmacologically, Medicinal plants, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India faces significant vulnerability to natural disasters, including floods, droughts, cyclones, tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides, and forest fires. This research paper explores the critical role of drone technology in disaster management, covering surveillance, mapping, logistics, and communication restoration. It examines the latest advancements in drone technology, such as intelligent flight, broadband transmission, and diversified functions, and how these innovations can be applied throughout all phases of disaster management: prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery. By integrating drone technology, India can enhance its disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts, ultimately saving lives and reducing damage.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Drone technology, Importance, Disaster Management

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Human is the most intelligent creature in the planet for their brain power and neural network. The human brain is extremely complex with more than 80 billion neurons and trillion of connections [1]. Simulation scales can array from molecular and genetic expressions to compartment models of subcellular volumes and individual neurons to local networks and system models [2]. Deep Neural Network nodes are an over simplification of how brain synapses work. Signal transmission in the brain is dominated by chemical synapses, which release chemical substances and neurotransmitters to convert electrical signals via voltage-gated ion channels at the presynaptic cleft into post-synaptic activity. The type of neurotransmitter characterizes whether a synapse facilitates signal transmission (excitatory role) or prevents it (inhibitory role). Currently, there are tenths of known neurotransmitters, whereas new ones continuously emerge with varying functional roles. Furthermore, dynamic synaptic adaptations, which affect the strength of a synapse, occur in response to the frequency and magnitude of the presynaptic signal and reflect complex learning/memory functions, (Spike time dependent plasticity) [3, 4]. Recently, evidence has found that surrounding cells, such as glia cells that are primarily involved in 'feeding' the neurons, can also affect their function via the release of neurotransmitters. This new vision of "tripartite synapses," composed of perisynaptic glia in addition to pre- and postsynaptic terminals certainly makes this one of the most exciting discoveries in current neurobiology.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Bionic arm , artificial intelligence, emg ,eeg ,3d printing, design and development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ngugi wa Thiang'O's historical fiction A Grain of Wheat contains myriad polemical voices of the African women who become the subject of the English colonisation and the continuing legacy of the colonial consciousness in the independent Kenya. The Kenyan women played a significant role in mobilizing the African freedom movement which is often overlooked by the existing scholarship. Women condition was pathetic; they were not only harassed by the white people but also the black men with the colonial consciousness. Women supplied the sufficient strength to the Kenyan freedom national movement especially when the black men were detained by the colonial forces. African women are very strong and brave even though they face the malnutrition in the independent Kenya.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Depiction of Womanhood in ''A Grain of Wheat''

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Medical image segmentation, particularly for polyps in gastrointestinal images, presents significant challenges because of variations in color and morphology observed during colonoscopy imaging. In our study, we focused on this crucial area, utilizing a dataset comprising gastrointestinal polyp images. We employed advanced deep learning techniques, specifically FCN, Dual U-Net with ResNet Encoder, U-Net, and Unet_Resnet, to tackle the segmentation task effectively. To enhance the effectiveness of these algorithms, we incorporated data augmentation techniques, which involve creating modified versions of the initial images to enrich the training dataset. We evaluated the effectiveness of these algorithms using standard metrics like Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Intersection Over Union (IOU), which quantify the correctness of segmentation compared to ground truth. Among the models tested, the Dual U-Net with ResNet Encoder emerged as the most successful, achieving a DSC of 0.87 and IOU of 0.80. This model outperformed other approaches, including U-Net, FCN, and Unet_Resnet, demonstrating its superior performance in segmenting gastrointestinal polyp images.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Unet, Resnet, Positron Emission Tomography ,Computed Tomography ,Convolutional Neural Networks, Fully Convolutional Neural Network ,Rectified Linear Unit

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Microfinance has become a significant tool for socio-economic development, gaining prominence in India with the 1992 introduction of the Self Help Groups (SHGs) Linkage program model. This indigenous model has been highly successful in India's microfinance sector. This paper evaluates its current status of microfinance by analysing the report published by NABARD. Key areas of examination include the formation of SHGs, their linkage with banks, loan disbursement. The paper also assesses the regional progress of the SHG Linkage program. Since its inception, the SHG bank linkage has been the most effective means of reaching impoverished communities. The model's success is evident in the positive trends in SHG formation, bank linkage, loan disbursement, and loan collection, which indicate promising future prospects for the program. The SHG bank linkage model's success underscores microfinance's importance in driving economic development. By providing access to financial services to those traditionally excluded, SHGs have empowered millions, promoting financial inclusion and economic stability. This paper highlights the critical role of microfinance in poverty alleviation and economic progress in India, demonstrating the effectiveness of the SHG bank linkage model and its potential for furthering socio-economic development. In conclusion, the SHG linkage program has proven to be a robust framework for delivering microfinance, fostering significant improvements in economic development and poverty reduction. The model's success stories and positive trends suggest a bright future for microfinance initiatives in India

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Micro Finance, Self Help Group, NABARD, FY(Financial Year), SHG Linkage

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In digital systems, the frequency of switching operations involved in internal transistors are high due to complex operations provided by the high demanding applications. The CMOS circuits with increased processing speed perhaps increase the leakage voltage, leakage temperature and leakage current in the transistors. Depends on the number of connectivity (the fan-in and fan-outs) the path delay is generated. The proposed system focused on testing the path delay variations on different circuits involving the reconfigurable comparator and fast frequency generating oscillator. The presented system involved with testing of on-chip performance at different frequency of operations. The reconfigurations are viable with simple tuning operations involved with XILINX XC95144XL device. The device work with 40 MHz operating clock with active low device reset. The configurable oscillator is implemented inside the device; hence the simulation is validated through XILINX ISE and Quartus II. The presented system achieved 3.89 ns latency in which 3.240ns as logical latency and 0.650ns as routing latency. The results are compared with existing state of art approach in terms of path variational delay

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Low power design, Path delay, Digital circuits, Oscillator, Cmos design.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Selecting the most appropriate treatment for a medical condition is a critical decision faced by healthcare providers and patients. The effectiveness of the chosen treatment significantly influences patient outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs. However, the decision-making process is intricate, involving multiple factors such as treatment efficacy, potential side effects, cost implications, patient preferences, and treatment duration. To address these complexities, structured decision-making frameworks, integrating evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care, are essential. In this paper, we explore the application of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques in treatment selection. Specifically, we focus on the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a widely recognized MCDM method. We present a detailed methodology for applying TOPSIS to evaluate and rank treatment options based on multiple criteria. By constructing a decision matrix, normalizing it, applying weights, and calculating separation measures from ideal solutions, we derive the relative closeness of each treatment option to the ideal solution. The results indicate that surgery emerges as the most preferred treatment option, followed by medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multi Criteria Decision Making, TOPSIS, Treatment Selection, Clinical Decision-Making.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition