Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Because BCS Class-II medicines have a low solubility and dissolution rate, the main goal of this review was to increase their bioavailability and solubility. One of the important parameters for achieving the intended drug concentration in the systemic circulation and demonstrating a pharmacological response is solubility. Therefore, when developing their formulations, class II medications must improve their solubility and dissolution rate, especially when it comes to solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules.(1) As a result, numerous techniques and more recent technological advancements have been made to improve the solubility and bioavailability of class II medications.(2) This study reviewed the literature on more modern approaches or procedures as well as current studies on the formulation development of class-II medications (3)

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 Keywords

Poorly soluble drugs , Solubility enhancement technique , BCS class 2 drugs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cable-connected satellites in equatorial orbit offer enhanced capabilities for various space applications, but their stability is susceptible to external influences. This literature review examines the impact of solar radiation pressure and the Earth's magnetic field on the stability of cable-connected satellites in equatorial orbit. We synthesize findings from previous studies on the effects of solar radiation pressure and geomagnetic field on orbital dynamics, attitude control, and system stability. Our review highlights the significance of considering these environmental factors in the design and operation of cable-connected satellites and identifies knowledge gaps for future research. The results of this review can inform the development of strategies to mitigate the effects of solar radiation pressure and geomagnetic field, ensuring the reliable operation of cable-connected satellites in equatorial orbit.

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 Keywords

Cable-Connected Satellites, Equatorial Orbit, Solar Radiation Pressure, Geomagnetic Field, System Stability, Literature Review.

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This study critically analyzes digital literacy among adult learners, focusing on the impact of age and socio-economic status. A survey was conducted with a stratified random sample of 60 adult learners from the Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts. Utilizing a self-designed Digital Literacy Scale with a high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.8), the study aimed to evaluate digital literacy across different age groups and socio-economic statuses. The results revealed a significant difference in digital literacy based on age, with the 36 to 45 years age group demonstrating the highest mean scores, while the 46 years and above group showed the lowest. Additionally, socio-economic status significantly influenced digital literacy, as the high socio-economic group achieved the highest mean scores compared to the low and medium groups. The findings underscore the importance of addressing the disparities in digital literacy among adult learners, particularly concerning age and socio-economic status. The significant effects suggest that targeted interventions are necessary to improve digital literacy, especially for older adults and those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. By fostering equitable access to digital resources and tailored educational programs, stakeholders can enhance digital competencies among adult learners, thus promoting lifelong learning and improving overall quality of life in a technology-driven society.

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 Keywords

Digital Literacy, Adult Learners, Age, Socio-economic Status, Digital Resources

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a milestone in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. By merging a large number of Central and State taxes into a single tax, GST is expected to significantly ease double taxation and make taxation overall easy for the industries. At the end customer, the most beneficial will be in the reduction in the overall tax burden on goods and services. GST also involves make Indian products most competitive in the domestic and international markets. Though there are certain difficulties in understanding GST, it is clear that GST can enhance the transparency and uniformity might boost up the Indian Economy from all sectors. The withdrawal or reducing GST on Agricultural products and utensils may definitely beneficial for the agriculture sector. The largest contributor to India's GDP overall is the agriculture and allied industries are approximately 16% of India's GDP is covered. Hence, in the present paper it is being discussed the various disciplines of GST on Agriculture sector and its impact in detail.

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Goods and Services Tax, Agriculture

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Abstract: Jim Corbett's trilogy comprising Man-Eaters of Kumaon, The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag and The Temple Tiger and More Man-Eaters of Kumaon is endowed with a poetic narrative which is not merely an ornamental indulgence but an integral part of his strategy of story-telling. This narrative reflects the aesthetic sensibility of the narrator-protagonist which is highly attuned to the sights, smells, colours and contours of nature. The magical concoction of sounds, sights and smells is unforgettable. Corbett's preoccupation with colours is quite evident here. In his poetic mood, Corbett moves quite close to the nineteenth century romantic poets. The richly suggestive, poetic narrative employed by Corbett is complemented by a philosophical narrative which is embedded in his stoicism and humanitarianism. Corbett's stoic resistance to pain and personal hardships and his near-obsessive concern for the well-being of the poor hill folk spring from his philosophical moorings about the harsh conditions which seem to control the life of the individual as well as the community. The philosophical narrative accomplishes a dual task--it leads to a beneficial inward journey into the dark recesses of his mind and helps him rationalize the terrifying feeling of primal fear which, in turn, fortifies his optimistic spirit of sportsmanship; simultaneously his humbling insight into the phenomenon of human suffering and the complex working of fate and death provides the moral basis for his abiding humanitarianism.

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 Keywords

poetic narrative, aesthetic sensibility, stoicism, humanitarianism, sportsmanship

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The Indian Auto industry became one of the largest sectors in the world. It was the 7th largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles in 2017.Indian automobile industry comprises of different sub-sectors, where auto car sector plays an important role towards Indian GDP and employment opportunities. This paper measures the financial performance of auto car industry for the period of 2013-2022.The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the financial performance among the selected companies to understand their business efficiencies.

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 Keywords

Financial performance, Auto car sector, Ratio, Descriptive statistics, C87, D57, E37, G17, M41

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Pneumonia is an infection that causes inflammation in one or both of the lungs. It causes the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. Pneumonia poses significant health risks, notably in India, where it contributes to 23% of the global burden with high mortality rates. As the diagnosis of pneumonia depends on skilled radiologists reading chest x-ray, delay in diagnosis, particularly in distant places, impede prompt treatment. The effectiveness of deep learning, in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in automating pneumonia detection is examined in this article. Through transfer learning we investigate pre-trained models such as VGG16, ResNet-50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, and Dense Net as feature extractors to improve the performance of the CNN architectures. Through experimentation and training on Chest X-ray dataset, the optimal CNN model for pneumonia diagnosis can be found by accurately classifying lung X-rays as normal or pneumonia infected .

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Pneumonia, Chest X-ray, Transfer Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), VGG16, ResNet-50V2, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, Dense Net.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The small intestine is exposed to Malachite green (MG), a synthetic dye, commonly restricted to use as food colorant mainly through MG colored foods and vegetables. MG possesses toxicity and it is used as insecticides in aquatic system. So, on consumption of MG, it might exert its toxicity and impair the functioning of human health. However, the toxic effect of MG, especially on the motor function of duodenal visceral smooth muscle, has not been studied till date. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the potential toxic effects of MG on duodenal visceral smooth muscle (dVSM) contraction ex vivo in rat model. The results showed that duodenal motility was significantly decreased when duodenal segments were exposed to MG in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we demonstrated a significant counteraction of the inhibition of the contractions of the dVSM induced by MG in L-NAME and Methylene Blue pre-treated duodenal preparations in order to examine the involvement of inhibitory nitrergic myenteric efferents in the MG induced contractile activity of the dVSM. Therefore, it can be suggested that MG inhibits the contractions smooth muscles of the duodenal viscera, probably by increasing the activity of intrinsic myenteric nitrergic efferents through NO-mediated sGC signaling pathway.

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Malachite green, duodenal visceral smooth muscle, nitrergic myenteric efferents, L-NAME, MB

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Women entrepreneurs play a crucial role in economic development. The paper synthesizes findings on the economic contributions of women entrepreneurs, the challenges they face, and the policies that can foster their growth. The review highlights the impact of women-led businesses on job creation, poverty alleviation, and innovation. It also discusses the social and cultural barriers that impede women entrepreneurs and suggests policy interventions to promote gender equality in entrepreneurship. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers and stakeholders can better support women entrepreneurs, driving inclusive and sustainable economic development.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Women entrepreneurs, economic development, gender equality, job creation, poverty alleviation, innovation, entrepreneurship challenges, policy interventions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The stability theorem, together with the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for fuzzy metric space are presented in this study, Using the notation of expansive map.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fixed Point (FP), Fuzzy Metric Space (FMS), Stability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition