Volume 12 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The term "child maltreatment" encompasses both emotional,sexual and physical abuse as well as physical and emotional negligence. Even after controlling for confounding variables, there is substantial evidence in the general population linking childhood abuse to adult abuse and trauma.Those who experienced abuse as children are more vulnerable to all types of violent victimization. People who have experienced child maltreatment are more likely to become victims of domestic and sexual violence, and victims of violence exhibit higher rates of psychological morbidity after the incident than the general population. Females are generally considered to be a more susceptible demographic due to their higher risk of premature mortality in this situation, as well as their spectrum of physical and mental morbidities and social disadvantages. Therefore, in the selected female population, it is especially vital to increase our understanding of early risk factors for subsequent issues, as this could help pave the way for preventative interventions from serious mental illness.Motivated by the above discussed facts, the present study investigated a group of 100 female population to reveal the research insights on mental illness and child maltreatment risk among adult female population.

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 Keywords

Childhood maltreatment, mental illness, abuse, victimization, psychological impact

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Good design of any product handle is an important task. Handle design significantly determines the productivity, overall experience as well as the health in the short and long term of the product users. For designing appropriate handles, the basic and most important requirement is knowledge of the most relevant and specific product design and marketing parameters. This article is a study about the design and marketing descriptors for a specific category of product handles - namely, anatomical handles. Six expert industrial designers volunteered to participate in this research. Extensive review of relevant marketing literature on existing products with anatomical handles available on the internet was conducted and a repository of key descriptors was developed. From these descriptors, five design and marketing relevant factors were derived. These were titled as follows - (1) handle performance (along with 2 sub-categories); (2) grip function (3 sub-categories); (3) handle feel (3 sub-categories); (4) user health (4 sub-categories), and; (5) aesthetics and details (2 sub-categories). Details about the specific sub-categories, keywords and descriptor phrases have been described in the detailed article.

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 Keywords

Anatomical handle, design, industrial design, marketing, verbal descriptors.

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 Abstract

The teacher education has manifold roles to play for providing quality education and strengthening teaching learning process as per the diversified needs of the society. In this regarding NEP 2020 has recommended many ways to overcome the prevailing deficiencies in the education system. The role and significance of teacher and teacher education has its pivotal role and place in the education system and in the holistic development of the learner. from childhood to adulthood teacher keeps on moulding the lives of the leaners by bringing modifications in their behaviour, but a teacher needs to be well trained and well versed with the changing and diversified needs of the learners according to changing environment all over the world. In this context government of India has set many polices and commissions from time to time to fulfil the requirement of the diversified demands in the teaching-learning process and productions of efficient teachers. Recently NEP 2020 has emphasized reforms in the teacher education to make teaching learning process more effective and fruitful for the learners. Teacher education will prepare the prognostic teachers to meet the new challenges of technological advancement and multidisciplinary approach in higher education in near future. Rejuvenating teacher education from the gross level for the better future of the learners and improvement of the teaching-learning process. NEP 2020 aims to strengthen and modify teacher education to prepare more well-versed teachers in handling multidisciplinary perspectives grounded with Indian values and virtues to draw out best potential out of learners through innovative teaching learning processes at all levels taking into consideration different aspects of growth and development of learners. The policy focuses on incorporation of more research work in order to maintain integrity, standard and quality of education. Therefore, these reforms will help to groom a teacher resulting to understand various aspects of the students with changing scenario of the education system at all levels of learning. Both modes of training will be provided to teachers to bring quality education in the country. Various government and private platforms will be available for pre service and Inservice training for the teachers.

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 Keywords

Teacher education, Multidisciplinary institutions, Innovations in teacher education

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 Abstract

An important part of the population of India is Scheduled Castes. West Bengal is the western part of the ancient Bangadesh. Present day West Bengal and today's Bangladesh were known as Bangadesh until Lord Curzon's infamous partition of Bengal in 1905. A large number of Scheduled Caste people from East- Pakistan and later independent Bangadesh migrated to West Bengal for political reasons. West Bengal is the important state of East India. About a quarter of the total population of the state is Scheduled Caste people. According to the 2011 Census of India, total Scheduled Castes population in West bengal is 21.4 million (23.51 %). There are 60 Sub- Caste categories among Scheduled Castes in West Bengal. Bordering areas of South Bengal such as North 24 Parganas, Nadia, and South 24 Parganas districts are inhabited by the Namasudra community of Scheduled Castes. On the other hand, people of the Rajbanshi community living in the districts like Cooch Bihar, Jalpaiguri, Siliguri in North Bengal. There are several Scheduled Castes communities like Bagdi,Bauri, Chamar, Dhoba, Dom,Jhalomalo, Kaora,Kotal,Musahar,Sarki, Sunri,Hrishi etc in West Bengal. Scheduled Caste people of this state are very backward from other general class people in economic, social and cultural fields. Even after 75th years of independence, they are forced to choose the lower professions of the society as a means of livelihood. They are still neglected by the upper caste people of the society. Due to lack of education they are forced to live in lower socio-economic status. The main livelihood of the class of people of West Bengal are- agricultural, agricultural labourers, hawkers, construction workers, small business,work in Mills,scavenging etc. Lack of education is the main reason behind the backwardness of the Scheduled Castes people from other general classes in terms of socio-economic status in this state. Due to lack of education, they are denied the right to take up the higher profession of the society as a means of livelihood. Various superstitions and bad practice are prevalent among the Scheduled Castes in our state. Due to lack of economic development, they are backward in education, health, housing and food. Another major reason behind the under development of these people in the state use of false certificates. Many of the general classes are depriving the real Scheduled Castes people of their rights by using false caste credentials for the sake of Political power. Due to lack of awareness in the fields of education, economy and politics, the Scheduled Castes people of West Bengal are not able to develop as expected in the socio-economic fields.

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 Keywords

Scheduled Castes, West Bengal, Population, Education, Community, Backward.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

There are several aspects to the concept of "marginalisation." A society as a whole could become globally marginalised. Within a class or community, there is a possibility of marginalisation from the dominant social order. Likewise, ethnic groups, families, or individuals may be marginalised by local communities. Consequently, the practice of maintaining individuals or groups at or beyond the limits of society is referred to as "marginalisation." It can manifest in a variety of ways, such as those that have social and economic disadvantages at one level and those that are based on class, caste, community, gender, and other factors at another. Stories of pain, trauma, protest, resistance, and societal change are revealed in writings from the margins. Marginal texts show the sins and sufferings imposed against the underdogs. The texts are inspired by actual experiences with poverty, cruelty, rejection, and sorrow. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complex concept of marginality. I have studied the term's multiple connotations and nuances in significant Indian works from the modern age with great attention. The main topics of interest are how the oppressed are forced to pay for the wrongdoings of others, how the hopelessness of the marginalized' s past has been destroyed by the dysfunctional government-bureaucratic system, and how indignant writers have used their writing to criticise the powerful and wealthy.

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 Keywords

Caste, Marginalization, Nexus, Systematic, Underdogs

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The tourism sector has made a huge contribution to the Indian economy over the past few decades. Especially foreign tourist arrivals are increasing trend except for the COVID-19 crisis, and most foreigners preferred pilgrimage, adventure, and ecotourism. This paper analyzes the trends and patterns of foreign tourist arrivals, share of international tourists, monthly-wise; footfall to visiting centrally protected monuments, and foreign exchange earnings and receipts in India. The study aims to highlight the share and distribution of international tourists. The result draws from the correlation between foreign tourist visitors and foreign exchange earnings.

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COVID-19, Footfall, Foreign Exchange Earnings, Protected Monuments, Receipts, Indian Tourism

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Concrete is most extensively used material in construction. CO2 is emitted during the manufacture of cement, damaging the environment. By lowering cement usage leads to reduction of CO2 generated. The increasing demand for cement made researchers to think about the supplementary materials for partial replacement of cement. In the same case if these supplementary materials are naturally occurring or any industrial wastes, then it results in both environment sustainability and economical. The present work focuses on investigating characteristics of M50 grade concrete with partial replacement of cement with GGBS and fly ash. The total replacement of cement with GGBS and Flyash were 40%, 50% and 60%. The cubes, cylinders and prisms are tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength.

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Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Flyash, GGBS, Split tensile strength, Supplementary materials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Neem, Azadirachta Indica A. Is a tree, wich has a wide application in animal kingdom[1] .The neem is a tropical evergreen tree traditionally well known for its medicinal value[2]. The neem has a vital role in various problems associated with human health. The chemical constituents present in the neem plant Make it a Doctor Tree because of its broad range of biological activities connected to it, and has become an international phenomenon presently. The neem tree is said to be safe for humans, animals, birds, beneficial insects, and earthworms and has been approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency for use on food crops [3]

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Neem, Azadirachta Indica, Meliaceae, pharmacological activity of Neem

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Machine downtime is a significant challenge in industries, primarily caused by misalignment of parts, equipment failure, wear of gears, and unexpected maintenance issues. Condition monitoring is essential to detect machine faults and prevent instability and improper functioning. This project focuses on the condition monitoring of gearboxes using lubrication oil analysis and signal processing techniques. Vibration analysis, known for tracking dynamic conditions, and viscosity analysis, crucial in assessing the health of lubricating oils, are employed. Lubricating oil samples were collected every 100 hours, and corresponding vibration signals were acquired. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were applied to extract defect information. The lubrication regime analysis indicated that deviations in oil viscosity trends corresponded with gear condition changes. Specifically, the 9th multiple of the gear mesh frequency at around 4000 Hz showed significant dominance, highlighting gearbox issues. The integration of viscosity analysis with vibration signal techniques enhanced gear health assessment, enabling timely maintenance and preventing severe damage. Thus, lubrication oil analysis and vibration signals are recommended for effective gearbox condition monitoring, improving overall machine reliability and reducing maintenance costs.

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 Keywords

Condition Monitoring, Lubrication Oil Analysis, Vibration Analysis, Gearbox Fault Detection

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This paper presents the rationale, objectives, and methodology of developing an innovative mobile application merging traditional chess gameplay with augmented reality (AR) technology. The project aims to address the demand for advanced gaming experiences, promote inclusivity, and leverage chess's educational benefits. Utilizing Unity and AR Foundation, the project seeks to enhance chess accessibility and engagement on Android devices through immersive AR features. The project's objectives include setting up development environments, developing core functionalities such as 3D modeling, game logic, and AR integration, and implementing AR features to overlay virtual chess pieces onto physical environments. Thorough testing and iterative refinement are crucial to ensure smooth gameplay, address compatibility issues, and gather user feedback for continuous enhancement. Ultimately, the project aims to revitalize interest in chess by offering an inclusive and engaging gaming experience accessible to players of all backgrounds and abilities.

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 Keywords

Augmented Reality (AR), chess, mobile chess game, unity game engine, educational chess game, etc.

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