Volume 14 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Background: Karshya is an important nutritional disorder described in Ayurveda, characterized by inadequate nourishment and depletion of body tissues. In children, impaired nutritional status may adversely influence growth, development, immunity, and overall health. Ayurvedic management emphasizes restoration of nourishment through dietary measures and therapeutic approaches such as Brimhana, Balya, Deepana-Pachana, and Rasayana, along with appropriately selected phytotherapeutic interventions. Objective: To critically review Ayurvedic nutritional and phytotherapeutic interventions for Karshya in children, focusing on their therapeutic rationale, potential mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future research perspectives. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic concepts related to Karshya and its management were integrated with contemporary evidence on nutritional and phytotherapeutic interventions relevant to paediatric undernutrition. Available evidence was assessed with emphasis on therapeutic principles, mechanisms, anthropometric and clinical outcomes, and safety. Results: Ayurvedic management of Karshya adopts a multidimensional approach involving correction of dietary inadequacy, optimization of digestion and nutrient assimilation, and administration of nourishing dietary and herbal interventions. Available clinical evidence suggests potential benefits of selected Ayurvedic interventions on appetite, weight gain, anthropometric parameters, and nutritional status. However, variations in diagnostic criteria, formulations, treatment duration, outcome measures, and study quality limit definitive conclusions. Conclusion: Ayurvedic nutritional and phytotherapeutic interventions may offer a complementary framework for addressing Karshya in children through combined effects on digestion, assimilation, and tissue nourishment. Well-designed clinical trials using standardized interventions, validated paediatric growth indicators, objective outcome measures, and systematic safety assessment are required to establish their efficacy and translational relevance.

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Keywords: Karshya; Brimhana; childhood undernutrition; phytotherapy; anthropometry.

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Background of the Study Menopause is a natural stage in the female life cycle that occurs as ovarian activity gradually declines and menstruation eventually ceases. The transition does not occur suddenly; women may experience a variety of physical, emotional, psychological, sexual and sleep-related changes before and around the time of menopause. The severity and combination of symptoms differ from one woman to another. Common experiences may include hot flushes, disturbed sleep, tiredness, mood changes, anxiety and irritability. How a woman experiences this transition is influenced not only by physiological changes but also by her understanding of menopause, attitudes towards ageing, body image, self-esteem and changing family or social roles. Inadequate information and misconceptions can create unnecessary worry and may lead to inappropriate ways of coping. In contrast, appropriate education can help women recognize expected changes, adopt healthy practices, seek professional assistance when required and develop practical coping strategies. For this reason, menopause needs to be considered as an important stage of women's health rather than simply the end of reproductive capacity. Providing information before the transition may help women prepare for changes and make informed decisions about their health. Objectives o To assess the pre-test knowledge scores of women regarding menopausal symptoms. o To determine the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on menopausal symptoms. o To determine the association between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. Methodology An evaluative research approach using a pre-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was adopted. The study was conducted among 50 premenopausal women in Karkala Taluk. Participants were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. Results The mean knowledge score increased from 12.04 (SD 5.558) in the pre-test to 23.96 (SD 4.651) in the post-test. The calculated paired t-value was 31.46, which was greater than the table value of 1.68, indicating that the structured teaching programme produced a statistically significant improvement in knowledge at the 0.05 level. Age, education and monthly family income were significantly associated with knowledge scores, whereas occupation, type of family, religion, marital status and previous exposure to the topic did not show a significant association at the stated level. Conclusion The findings indicate that the participants initially had limited knowledge about menopausal symptoms. After the structured teaching programme, their knowledge improved considerably. The intervention therefore appears to be a useful educational strategy for preparing premenopausal women to understand and manage the changes associated with menopause

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Key words: Menopause, menopausal symptoms, premenopausal women, structured teaching programme.

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Madhyamik Vidyalayon Mein Karyarat Shikshakon Ke Samayojan Ka Vishleshnatmak Adhyan

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Madhyamik Vidyalayon Mein Karyarat Shikshakon Ke Samayojan Ka Vishleshnatmak Adhyan

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Respiratory compromise is a clinically important complication of anaesthesia and procedural sedation. Hypoventilation, apnea, upper-airway obstruction, bronchospasm, airway-device displacement and breathing-system disconnection can progress to hypoxaemia and cardiovascular instability if not recognized promptly. Pulse oximetry remains essential for oxygenation monitoring, but supplemental oxygen may delay desaturation during impaired ventilation. Capnography continuously measures exhaled carbon dioxide and displays a waveform, providing direct information about ventilation, airway patency and respiratory pattern. This paper reviews the clinical role of capnography in early recognition of respiratory compromise during anaesthesia and proposes a prospective observational methodology for evaluating its usefulness in an operating-theatre setting. Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicates that capnography improves detection of respiratory depression during procedural sedation and can identify ventilatory events earlier than standard monitoring in selected settings. Current professional monitoring guidance supports waveform capnography during general anaesthesia and appropriate recovery and sedation contexts. Capnography should nevertheless be interpreted with pulse oximetry, clinical examination and haemodynamic monitoring rather than used as a standalone safety system. Anaesthesia technologists have an important role in equipment preparation, sampling-line integrity, alarm verification, waveform surveillance and communication of abnormalities.

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Capnography, end-tidal carbon dioxide, ETCO?, anaesthesia, respiratory compromise, hypoventilation, airway obstruction, anaesthesia technology, patient safety.

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South Bengal, encompassing the lower Gangetic plains and the Sundarbans delta, exhibits significant rainfall variability that profoundly affects its agriculture, ecology, and economy. This review synthesizes current understanding of how multiyear La Niña events influence monsoon rainfall patterns in this region. The literature indicates that La Niña's impact on South Asian rainfall is not uniform across consecutive La Niña years. During the first year of a multiyear event, rainfall anomalies over much of South Asia tend to be negative, with the notable exception of Bangladesh and the Sundarbans region of South Bengal, where positive anomalies occur due to localized moisture convergence. In the second year, widespread positive rainfall anomalies emerge across the South Asian monsoon region, driven by enhanced moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal via an anomalous cyclonic circulation and upper-level divergence. These findings have important implications for water resource management, agricultural planning, and disaster preparedness in South Bengal, particularly in the context of climate change and projected increases in multiyear La Niña frequency.

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La Niña, South Bengal, monsoon rainfall, multiyear events, Bay of Bengal, climate teleconnections

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Unified multimodal models usually rely on a single visual encoder to handle both understanding and generation. However, this shared approach forces a compromise between the distinct levels of information granularity each task requires, often degrading multimodal understanding. To resolve this bottleneck, we present Janus, an autoregressive framework that decouples visual encoding into separate pathways while maintaining a single, unified transformer for processing. By untangling these visual roles, Janus eliminates task conflict and introduces unparalleled flexibility, allowing understanding and generation components to utilize their optimal encoding methods independently. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that Janus outpaces existing unified models and matches or exceeds the performance of specialized, task-specific architectures. Its simplicity and flexibility position Janus as a foundational architecture for next-generation unified multimodal systems.

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Janus, Unified multimodal models, Decoupled visual encoding, Autoregressive framework

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The Global pandemic of Obesity has reached alarming proportions worldwide and in India is escalating at a sharp rate. According to NFHS-5(2019-2021), the surge accounts to 91% in adult women and 146% in adult men indicating a nationwide metabolic crisis, synergistic with rising male infertility and male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism(MOSH). Obese men are also 30% more prone to infertility rather than normal adult. Acharya Charaka has also mentioned that people suffering from Atisthoulya are also at a risk of various threating conditions like Ayushohrasa (depleting nourishment towards Meda and subsequent dhatus leading to diseases from Asthi Kshaya-Majja Kshaya-Shukra Kshaya) and Kricchavyavayata (Altered sperm quantity-quality and synthesis of sex hormones). The Modern correlates- bone marrow adiposity, hematopoietic niche disruption, HPG axis suppression, and MOSH--manifest as Shukra Kshaya (oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, hypogonadism), fulfil the above mentioned after effects of Atisthoulya. This conceptual study dwells on the guna-driven pathology wherein Guru-Snigdha-Madhura-Sheeta guna dominance in Ahara-Vihara leading to vitiation of Jatharagni and Strotorodha which infiltrates the neuroendocrine structures(Majja Dhatu). This pathogenic overload compromises Dhatvagni sequentially and ultimately starving Shukra Dhatvagni producing infertility. This study thoroughly reviews the guna-driven pathology as well as guna-mediated intervention counteracting the pathology and normalizing the Majja-Shukra-MOSH axis. Its high time to prepare a precise Ayurvedic strategy for India's Obesity-MOSH-infertility triad.

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Gurvadi Guna, Dhatvagni Vaishamya, MOSH, Majja-Shukra axis

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used in policing in India to improve crime detection, surveillance, investigation, and emergency response. Technologies such as Facial Recognition Technology (FRT), the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS), predictive policing, intelligent video surveillance, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are supporting the development of smart policing. However, the use of AI also creates challenges related to accuracy, privacy, bias, transparency, accountability, and constitutional rights. This study examines the role of AI in smart policing in India through a review of existing literature, government initiatives, legal developments, and selected case studies. The study finds that AI can improve police efficiency and crime management, but its effective use is limited by technological, infrastructural, legal, ethical, and skill-related challenges. The study suggests that AI-based policing should be supported by appropriate legal safeguards, human oversight, data protection, accountability, and institutional capacity building. It concludes that the effective use of AI in policing requires a balance between technological development, public security, and the protection of individual rights.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI); Smart Policing; Predictive Policing; Facial Recognition Technology; Crime Analytics; Police Technology; Privacy; Data Protection; India.

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Regardless of the field, education is a vital component in today's society. Students' performance in studies is affected by several factors such as accommodation, study environment as well as family background. For a variety of reasons hostellers and day-scholars are often at different challenges. This comparative study aimed to identify and compare factors affecting poor academic performance between hosteller and day-scholar Nursing students at a selected nursing college in Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, and to examine their association with selected baseline variables. A non-experimental, comparative design was used with 60 purposively selected students (30 hostellers, 30 day-scholars) who met inclusion criteria based on a decline of more than 5% between 2 consecutive sessional exams. Data were collected using a validated demographic and likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results showed day-scholars had a slightly higher mean academic score (47.53%) than hostellers (43.07%). Among hostellers, personal, environmental, family, peer, and study-habit factors showed significant associations with poor performance, while health factors did not. Among day-scholars, personal, environmental, health, family, and study-habit factors were significant, while peer factors were not. Baseline variables such as type of course, parents' education, library time, and study method showed varying significant associations with these factors across both groups. The findings suggest that targeted, group-specific interventions addressing personal, family, and environmental factors could help improve academic outcomes for both hostellers and day-scholars.

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academic performance, hostellers, day-scholars

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This work delivers a rigorous numerical exploration of three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow over a rotating bi-directional stretching surface, capturing complex non-Newtonian transport phenomena relevant to modern engineering systems. The mathematical model integrates magnetohydrodynamic effects, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis within the Buongiorno nanofluid framework to ensure strong physical realism. Through similarity transformations, the governing conservation equations are reduced and efficiently solved using the robust Keller-Box scheme, providing highly accurate computational insights. Parametric analysis reveals that rotation and magnetic forces markedly reshape velocity fields, while viscous and Ohmic heating intensify thermal transport within the boundary layer. Nanoparticle dynamics governed by Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis significantly enhance heat and mass transfer characteristics. The findings demonstrate improved control of thermal performance in complex fluid systems and highlight the sensitivity of transport processes to key dimensionless parameters. Overall, this study offers a reliable theoretical foundation with direct relevance to advanced technologies such as rotating heat exchangers, polymer processing, electronic cooling, and biomedical thermal management.

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Casson nanofluid , magnetohydrodynamics, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis

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