Volume 14 | Issue 9 |

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Haripada Debbarma's 'Jalai Tokpupu' (2000) is a short story that brings together memory, education, cultural heritage, nature, traditional life, and the social changes brought about by modernity. The story unfolds through the memories of Monai, who is reminded of his childhood after listening to a traditional Jaduni song of Tripura sung by a talented singer on a festive occasion. His recollection becomes a means through which the writer reconstructs the rural world of Ramnagar and its neighbouring areas such as Twidu, Dunachar, Pakili, Hapingkami, Chandaraikami, and Pengkami. The small rivers, forests, trees, birds, varieties of vegetables, agricultural activities, Jhum cultivation, traditional songs, customs, beliefs, and everyday practices of the people together create a vivid picture of the earlier rural environment. The character of Dukmali is particularly significant in representing the preservation of community identity, customs, beliefs, and traditional knowledge, even without extensive formal education. In contrast, Monai represents the transformative role of education and broader social consciousness. Born and brought up in the village, Monai later continues his education in Agartala, which enables him to develop a wider outlook and critically observe the differences between his childhood surroundings and the changing realities of modern life. His observations also reveal the transformation from a largely agrarian and Jhum based economy, where people depended considerably on forest resources, to a market-oriented urban environment where even commonly available vegetables have become costly commodities. Through Monai's recollections and observations, Debbarma therefore draws attention to the gradual transformation of the natural, social, and cultural landscape of Tripura. This paper examines how 'Jalai Tokpupu' uses personal memory as a literary device to preserve the image of a changing rural society while simultaneously reflecting upon education, cultural identity, traditional knowledge, environmental transformation, and the impact of modernity.

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Jalai Tokpupu, Cultural Heritage, Modernity and Environmental Transformation, Social Change.

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A collaborative economic corridor connecting Japan and India, the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC) aims to promote socioeconomic growth throughout Asia and Africa. This project will connect Indian ports to Southeast Asia and Africa. 54 African countries, 11 Southeast Asian countries, 8 South Asian countries, and 14 Oceania countries are all included in the corridor. India and Japan hope to grow industries including health, manufacturing, connectivity, infrastructure, and research institutes under this program. This study examines the AAGC effort with a focus on China's expanding influence in Africa and the Indo-Pacific area. Reducing China's growing influence in Africa is the main goal of building this corridor. The study also looks at the difficulties this project faces and emphasises the importance of Japan and India in the African environment.

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India and Japan's Strategic Opportunity in Africa: The Asia-Africa Growth Co-corridor Initiative

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: Conventional Internet of Things (IoT) management systems are inherently limited by flat, two-dimensional interfaces, which fail to provide the spatial context necessary for intuitive facility oversight. Although recent deployments combining web dashboards and edge devices have produced rudimentary smart environments, most of these implementations employ static buttons restricted to unidirectional control. Such architectures perform poorly under the conditions of characteristics of large enterprise facilities, where visual locating and geographical representation of physical endpoints are necessary. This paper presents a fully decoupled Virtual Reality (VR) Digital Twin architecture that synchronizes immersive 3D spatial computing with physical edge devices in real-time. Utilizing the Three.js library and the WebXR API, the system enables users to interact with contextual holographic switchboards via VR headsets within a precise 1:1 graphical replica. Under experimental evaluation, the deployed edge hardware utilizing custom memory buffering to bypass enterprise SSL restrictions achieved an average end-to-end synchronization latency of 850 milliseconds. A desktop spectator client is coupled with this architecture to render geospatial telemetry heatmaps in real-time. Taken together, these components constitute a scalable, practically deployable framework for bridging virtual spatial computing and physical electromechanical actuation.

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Digital Twin, WebXR, Internet of Things (IoT), Spatial Computing, Three.js, Edge Computing, Realtime Database.

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Bone fractures are one of the commonest medical conditions that require proper treatment and accurate diagnoses, and their timely treatment can ensure full recovery. The paper discusses the latest development within the field of medical diagnostics of bone fractures and focuses on the development of bone fracture detection system, applying hybrid Deep and Machine Learning techniques for the processing of X-ray images. The developed system was tested using 10,000 X-ray images including Normal Shoulder, Normal Elbow, Normal Hand, Fracture Shoulder, Fracture Elbow, and Fracture Hand images from our annotated dataset. Our approach to diagnosing bone fractures included applying transfer learning with the use of pre-trained convolutional neural networks such as ResNet50 and DenseNet121 as robust features extractors and the use of conventional algorithms for classification. Class imbalance was reduced by means of data augmentation, and the models became more generalized to detect fine fractures, which can remain unnoticed. They were evaluated using conventional metrics, including accuracy. Their results have proven to be superior compared to conventional methods of diagnostics. Within the context of detecting normal bone fractures, the hybrid approach shows 96.5% accuracy.

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Bone fracture detection, deep learning, medical imaging.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings changes to multiple sectors which include education and healthcare and employment and communication and governance and scientific research and daily decision-making. The development of AI provides humans with exceptional possibilities which lead to major issues about privacy and bias and transparency and accountability and autonomy and human dignity and misinformation and responsible decision-making. The existing challenges show that technological intelligence needs to follow human values as its primary guiding principle. This article presents a review and conceptual study about the value of Rajyoga Meditation as a complementary method for developing responsible AI through its human aspect. The global frameworks which UNESCO, the OECD, United Nations, World Health Organization, National Institute of Standards and Technology, European Union, and Council of Europe developed in modern times focus on human dignity and fairness and transparency and accountability and safety and effective human monitoring. The practice of Rajyoga Meditation teaches people to develop self-awareness and maintain inner stability while establishing responsibility and showing compassion and respect and making reflective judgments. The paper develops a Dual-Governance Model for Human-Centred AI through contemporary Rajyoga research which defines outer governance as law and policy and standards and risk management and technological safeguards and institutional accountability and inner governance as self-awareness and human values and ethical reflection and responsible choice. The proposed pathway starts with Rajyoga Meditation which leads to Self-Awareness which establishes Human Values which cause Reflective Judgment which results in Responsible AI Use. The paper presents an argument that AI should develop human capabilities while maintaining human accountability. The future research should study whether Rajyoga value education increases ethical understanding and responsible AI conduct.

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Artificial Intelligence, Human Values, Rajyoga Meditation, AI Ethics, Responsible AI, Human-Centred AI

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Social media influencer marketing has emerged as an influential digital marketing strategy that shapes consumer perceptions and purchasing decisions in India. This study examines the impact of influencer marketing on consumer buying behaviour across different social media platforms. It focuses on how influencer credibility, trust, expertise, content quality, and engagement influence consumers' purchase intentions. The study also explores the role of influencer recommendations in creating brand awareness and product preferences. Consumer responses toward sponsored content, reviews, and product endorsements are considered to understand their effect on buying decisions. The research highlights the growing importance of influencers in connecting brands with Indian consumers. It further examines whether demographic factors influence consumers' responses to influencer marketing. The findings are expected to provide useful insights for marketers in designing effective influencer-based promotional strategies. Overall, the study contributes to understanding the changing relationship between social media influencers, brands, and consumer purchasing behaviour in India.

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Social Media Influencer Marketing, Consumer Buying Behaviour, Influencer Credibility, Purchase Intention, Digital Marketing.

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Human trafficking remains one of the most pervasive forms of organized crime and a grave violation of human rights, disproportionately affecting women and children across the globe. India, being both a source and destination country for trafficking, has witnessed evolving forms of exploitation including commercial sexual exploitation, forced labour, child marriage,domestic servitude, organ trafficking, and cyber-enabled trafficking. Recognizing the changing nature of such offences, Parliament introduced a new criminal justice framework through the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA). These legislations seek to modernize criminal law by strengthening investigation, prosecution, evidentiary standards, and victim-centric justice. This paper critically examines the effectiveness of the new criminal laws in preventing human trafficking and protecting women and children. It analyses the statutory provisions relating to trafficking offences, procedural safeguards,victim rehabilitation, evidentiary mechanisms, and institutional responsibilities while comparing them with the repealed criminal laws. The study also evaluates India and compliance with international legal instruments including the Palermo Protocol and CEDAW. Using doctrinal and analytical research methodologies, the paper identifies significant implementation challenges such as underreporting, inter-state coordination, low conviction rates, and inadequate rehabilitation mechanisms. The study concludes that while the new criminal laws provide a stronger legislative framework, their success depends upon effective implementation, specialized law enforcement, victim rehabilitation, and coordinated institutional responses.

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Human trafficking, bharatiya sanhita,women and children, victim protection, criminal justice refrorm, human rights

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Autonomous systems have emerged as one of the most influential technologies in modern engineering and computational sciences. These systems are increasingly utilized in safety-critical domains including intelligent transportation systems, industrial automation, aerospace engineering, medical robotics, and smart cyber-physical infrastructures. Autonomous systems integrate continuous physical dynamics with discrete software-driven decision-making processes, thereby forming complex hybrid systems. The increasing complexity and uncertainty associated with autonomous environments have made traditional software testing approaches inadequate for ensuring system safety and reliability.

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Hybrid Verification, Autonomous Systems, Cyber-Physical Systems, Hybrid Automata, Formal Verification, Artificial Intelligence, Reachability Analysis, Runtime Verification.

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The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 represents a major shift from the older law, which mainly focused on defects and deficiencies, by formally introducing product liability into Indian legislation. Chapter VI (Sections 82-87) lays down when manufacturers, sellers, or service providers can be held responsible for harm caused by faulty products or related services. This paper critically examines the framework, tracing its roots in Indian law. It evaluates the grounds on which liability can be imposed, the defences available, and the institutional mechanisms for resolving disputes. The study argues that while the 2019 Act is a progressive step, it does not go as far as imposing liability without fault like mature strict-liability systems. It also leaves open questions about e-commerce platforms, burden of proof, and punitive damages. The paper concludes with recommendations for judicial and legislative improvements to strengthen the regime.

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Product Liability, Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Strict Liability, defects, judicial trends

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition