Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Tenancy farming and sharecropping constitute essential yet often neglected facets of Indian agriculture. A significant portion of agriculture in Odisha is done by landless and marginal farmers via leasing or sharecropping arrangements. Despite their contribution, these farmers remain excluded from institutional loans, crop insurance, procurement systems, and welfare programs owing to the lack of permanent land titles. This article examines Odisha's tenancy policy framework and the consequences of reforms through a mixed-method approach, incorporating policy analysis, secondary data, workshop contributions, and field investigations. It juxtaposes the viewpoints of tenant farmers with changing legislative measures to underscore advancements and enduring disparities. The research analyses the 2016 Model Land Leasing Act and state measures like KALIA, BALARAM, and reforms in paddy procurement. Evidence from Ratanpur, Niali Block, Cuttack, indicates that although Odisha has implemented novel credit and welfare mechanisms, institutional impediments, especially informal tenancy and insufficient understanding of schemes, persistently hinder inclusion.

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 Keywords

Tenant farmers, Sharecroppers, Agricultural tenancy, Land leasing reforms, Informal leasing, Concealed tenancy, Inclusive agrarian policy, Odisha

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Like other branches of Bengali fiction, the detective story branch has shed its dull past and established itself in mainstream literature. Recently, prominent writers from other genres have also started writing in this genre. Notably, Sasthipada Chattopadhyay is widely recognized in Bengali literature as a juvenile writer. He is calm, simple, and lively. His literary work and life flow in the same direction. He gained recognition mainly through the creation of the juvenile detective story 'Pandav Goenda'. This article explores the concept behind writing 'Pandav Goenda' and its sources of inspiration. It also mentions Khirod Chandra Majumdar and English writer Enid Blyton in the magazine 'Shuktara', edited by him. Essentially, it discusses the background or source context of Sasthipada Chattopadhyay's juvenile detective story, 'Pandav Goenda'.

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 Keywords

Khirod Chandra Majumdar, Shuktara Magazine, Enid Blyton, Juvenile Detective Story, Pandab Goenda, Source Context, Writing Concept.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS HAVE TROUBLE MEASURING ANGLES.

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EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS HAVE TROUBLE MEASURING ANGLES.

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Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common nutritional deficiency among pregnant women, particularly in India. While oral iron supplementation is a standard treatment for IDA, it can cause gastrointestinal toxicity, affecting patient compliance. This study compares the efficacy and safety of two commonly used iron supplements--ferrous sulphate and ferrous ascorbate--in pregnant women with anemia.

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Iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, ferrous sulphate, ferrous ascorbate, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, adverse effects

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the persistent gap between the universal promise of human rights and the lived realities of marginalized communities. Despite robust international frameworks like the UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR, and national constitutional guarantees, groups such as Dalits, Indigenous peoples, racial minorities, persons with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ individuals face systemic exclusion. The study analyzes the conceptual underpinnings of marginalization and the legal protections designed to counteract it, including affirmative action, specialized treaties (e.g., CEDAW, CRPD), and judicial interventions. It critically assesses the implementation gaps and structural barriers--such as casteism, racism, patriarchy, economic exclusion, and political underrepresentation--that prevent the full realization of socio-economic, civil, and political rights. The paper also explores the critical role of institutions, civil society, and the media in advocating for rights, and addresses emerging challenges like climate change, digital inequality, and algorithmic bias. Finally, it proposes a multi-pronged way forward, emphasizing strengthened law enforcement, inclusive policymaking, educational and digital empowerment, economic inclusion, and global solidarity to bridge the chasm between formal rights and substantive equality for marginalized populations.

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 Keywords

Human Rights, Marginalized Communities, Structural Inequality, Social Exclusion, Affirmative Action, Intersectionality, Implementation Gap, Socio-Economic Rights, Civil Society

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: The cultural identity of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Tripura is deeply rooted in their traditions, languages, rituals, and practices. However, globalization, modernization, and inadequate representation in mainstream education systems have posed significant threats to the preservation of their unique heritage. This research paper explores the role of education in safeguarding the cultural identity of Scheduled Tribes in Tripura. It examines the challenges faced by tribal communities in maintaining their cultural heritage and proposes strategies for integrating indigenous knowledge systems into formal education. By empowering tribal youth through culturally responsive education, this paper argues that it is possible to preserve their heritage while equipping them with the tools to thrive in a rapidly changing world.

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Keywords Tripura, rignai, risa, tribal textiles, weaving, cultural identity, handloom, modernization, revival

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present research study aims to perform a critical comparative analysis of two contemporary indian films, that is, Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga and Badhaai Do, by focusing on the LGBTQ+ themes and characters. The comparative analysis would be used as the methodology to compare and contrast these films on the grounds of marriage of convenience, ethical and social concerns, performance of the machismo and the iteration of the performative script. Through this analysis, a nuanced understanding of the disposition of the homosexual individuals in the indian society would be attained. The knowledge gained would be transformative in nature and would deepen our understanding of how despite the legal acceptance of homosexuality in India, the social acceptance is quite far from reality.

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Performative gender script, Machismo and masculinity, Marriage of convenience, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, Judith Butler, Cheryl Clarke, Social acceptance vs. legal acceptance, Homosexual identity in Indian society, Cultural stigma and heteronormativity, Queer representation in Bollywood, Comparative film analysis.

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Hardware accelerators for deep neural networks (DNNs) play a pivotal role in enabling low-latency inference on power-constrained edge and wearable devices. However, sustained high-performance computation in such accelerators leads to increased energy consumption, reducing their suitability for real-time mobile deployments. This paper presents a novel design of a coarse-grained DVFS-aware hardware accelerator that integrates dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to improve energy efficiency without compromising correctness or data throughput. To reduce control complexity, the system replaces traditional ML-based DVFS predictors with a lightweight finite-state machine (FSM)-based DVFS mimic. The proposed architecture includes five core components--Global Buffer, Data Dispatcher, Processing Element (PE) Array, DVFS Mimic Controller, and Accelerator Controller--all implemented in synthesizable SystemVerilog. Simulation results confirm that the architecture dynamically adapts computation delays based on simulated V/F levels while maintaining correctness in MAC and ReLU operations. The design is modular, scalable, and well- suited for future integration with AI workloads on edge SoCs.

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Dynamic Frequency and Voltage Scaling (DVFS), Hardware Accelerator, Machine Learning, Neural Net- works.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian judicial system faces a serious problem of delay in case disposal, resulting in pendency of millions of cases across courts. The right to a speedy trial, recognized as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, has often been undermined by procedural delays, backlog, and overburdened courts. To address this issue, various mechanisms under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and now the Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) allow for disposal of cases without a full trial. These include plea bargaining, summary trials and compounding of offences etc. This study explores how such mechanisms align with the constitutional mandate of speedy trial while ensuring justice.

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KEY WORDS: Disposal of cases, trial, speedy trial, fair justice

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of urea fertilizer treated with corn or conocarpus residues on the growth and nitrogen uptake of wheat plants. Three kilograms of dry sandy loam soil were placed in plastic pots, and four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha -1) were applied in the form of urea. The urea was treated using one of the following methods: mixed with conocarpus leaf powder at a rate of 3% of the dry soil weight, mixed with conocarpus root powder at a rate of 3% of the dry soil weight dissolved in an aqueous extract of corn roots at a rate of 1/4 of the field capacity, or coated with dried aqueous extract of corn roots at a ratio of 9% of the urea weight. Additionally, urea treated with a standard chemical inhibitor (PMA) was included in the treatments. Measurements of shoot dry weight, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen recovery were taken. The results indicated that treating urea fertilizer with water extract or coating it with corn root extract led to enhanced growth parameters compared to the PMA and control treatments. However, treating urea with leaf or root powders resulted in a decrease in plant growth parameters. Urea coated with 9% dried corn root extract produced the highest dry matter of 2.98 g pot-1 and nitrogen uptake of 66.95 mg pot-1, achieving a reduction of 50 kg N ha-1 while yielding similar results to the control and PMA treatments.

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 Keywords

Wheat, Corn Buildup , Conocarpus Buildup, Dry Matter ,N-Uptake

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition