Volume 13 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Infiltration - defined as the unauthorized entry of individuals across national borders or into ecologically sensitive areas - poses a growing environmental concern in India. While often addressed through the lens of national security, the ecological consequences of infiltration remain under-examined. This paper explores the environmental impacts of infiltration on forests, wildlife, and biodiversity, particularly in India's border regions and forested zones, where illegal encroachmen... Infiltration contributes directly to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and the overexploitation of natural resources. Border areas such as Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan, Assam, and parts of the Northeast - many of which are biodiversity hotspots - witness significant environmental pressure due to illegal activities like logging, poaching, grazing, and unregulated land use. These actions degrade forest cover, disturb wildlife corridors, and endanger vulnerable species such as the blackbuck, snow leopa... The environmental damage from infiltration also affects indigenous and conservation-oriented communities, such as the Bishnois of Rajasthan, who have historically protected forests and wildlife through deep-rooted ecological and spiritual values. Their efforts are increasingly undermined by external pressures resulting from human intrusion and resource exploitation. This paper emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that integrates environmental conservation with border security policies. Strengthening surveillance, enforcing environmental laws, and involving local communities in protection and monitoring efforts are essential steps. Addressing infiltration as an environmental issue is critical for preserving India's ecological balance and ensuring long-term sustainability in its most vulnerable regions.

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Keywords: India, infiltration, forest degradation, wildlife conflict, biodiversity loss, border ecology, Bishnoi community, environmental conservation.

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The Later Mughal Era (1707-1857) is often characterized primarily by political fragmentation and imperial decline following the death of Aurangzeb. However, this period also witnessed remarkable cultural resilience and creative adaptation. Despite the diminishing authority of the Mughal court in Delhi, the imperial aesthetic-shaped over centuries-continued to influence literature, art, architecture, and social customs across the Indian subcontinent. Regional kingdoms, such as Awadh, Hyderabad, and Bengal, became new centers of cultural patronage, blending Mughal traditions with local artistic expressions and emerging European styles introduced through colonial contact.1 This era saw the refinement of Indo-Persian literature, the evolution of miniature painting into distinct regional schools, and the continuation of architectural projects that combined Mughal grandeur with regional innovations. Music and performing arts, particularly Hindustani classical traditions, also flourished under the patronage of regional courts, sustaining a legacy of courtly refinement and aesthetic sophistication. Far from being a period of cultural stagnation, the Later Mughal period represents a dynamic phase of synthesis-where imperial ideals were reinterpreted and preserved within a changing socio-political landscape. The endurance and transformation of Mughal cultural identity during this era not only mitigated the impact of political decline but also laid the foundation for subsequent cultural developments in colonial and post-colonial India.2

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Later Mughal Era, Cultural Continuity, Cultural Transformation, Indo-Persian

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The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is a contentious topic in Indian legal and political discourse. Enshrined in Article 44 of the Constitution as a Directive Principle of State Policy, it aims to establish a common civil law for all citizens, irrespective of religion, in matters like marriage, divorce, succession, and adoption. However, its implementation remains controversial due to religious diversity, minority rights concerns, and political opposition. This research paper explores the historical background of UCC, constitutional provisions, judicial pronouncements, and arguments for and against its enactment. Comparative insights from countries like Turkey, France, and Tunisia are examined, along with recommendations for phased implementation and harmonization with personal law reforms.

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Uniform Civil Code, Article 44, Personal Laws, Gender Justice, Constitutional Law.

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Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies is a short story collection that focuses on cultural alienation to provide a natural chance to compare the existence of opposing cultural ideals. Lahiri depicts the lives of Indians and Indian Americans stuck between their ancestral culture and the society in which they now find themselves in all of her writings. She is a well-known fiction writer on the world stage. The idea of international identity and the anguish of cultural displacement runs across all of the stories. In Interpreter of Maladies Jhumpa Lahiri explores cultural alienation by portraying the struggles of Indian immigrants and their American-born children who are caught between the traditions of their heritage and the dominant culture of their host countries, leading to a sense of displacement, rootlessness, and identity crises as they attempt to navigate two different cultural worlds. The work highlights the emotional burden of this dual existence, the longing for lost traditions, and the disconnection that often exists between first and second-generation immigrants, as seen in the contrasting experiences of the Dases and the loneliness they feel despite living in modern America.

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alienation, displacement, rootlessness, identity, Immigrant, isolation, American, Indian etc.

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महिला सशक्तिकरण भारत के सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास का एक महत्वपूर्ण आधार है, क्योंकि महिलाएँ न केवल परिवार बल्कि समाज और राष्ट्र की प्रगति में भी निर्णायक भूमिका निभाती हैं। विशेषकर ग्रामीण और अर्ध-शहरी क्षेत्रों में, जहाँ महिलाएँ अक्सर संसाधनों और अवसरों से वंचित रहती हैं, वहाँ सूक्ष्म वित्त (Microfinance) ने एक सशक्त माध्यम के रूप में कार्य किया है। सूक्ष्म वित्त कार्यक्रम, जैसे लघु ऋण, स्वयं सहायता समूह (Self-Help Groups), और सामुदायिक बैंकिंग, महिलाओं को आर्थिक रूप से आत्मनिर्भर बनाने के साथ-साथ उनकी सामाजिक और राजनीतिक भागीदारी को भी प्रोत्साहित करते हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध का मुख्य उद्देश्य सूक्ष्म वित्त और महिला सशक्तिकरण के बीच संबंध का सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन हेतु पाँच जिलों की 25 ग्राम पंचायतों से 300 महिलाओं का चयन यादृच्छिक नमूना पद्धति से किया गया। डाटा संग्रह के लिए एक संरचित प्रश्नावली का उपयोग किया गया, जिसमें आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता, आत्मनिर्णय क्षमता और सामाजिक भागीदारी से संबंधित प्रश्न सम्मिलित थे। संकलित डाटा का विश्लेषण करने के लिए t- परीक्षण तथा सहसंबंध जैसी सांख्यिकीय तकनीकों का प्रयोग किया गया। शोध परिणामों से यह स्पष्ट हुआ कि सूक्ष्म वित्त का महिला सशक्तिकरण पर सकारात्मक और महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पड़ता है। सूक्ष्म वित्त से जुड़ी महिलाओं ने न केवल अपनी आय और बचत में वृद्धि की, बल्कि घरेलू और सामुदायिक निर्णयों में भी अधिक सक्रिय भूमिका निभाई। सहसंबंध गुणांक ने यह दर्शाया कि आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण और आत्मनिर्णय क्षमता के बीच मध्यम स्तर का सकारात्मक संबंध है। इसके अतिरिक्त, सामाजिक भागीदारी के संदर्भ में भी सूक्ष्म वित्त लाभार्थी महिलाएँ अधिक सक्रिय पाई गईं। अतः यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि सूक्ष्म वित्त महिलाओं को केवल आर्थिक रूप से सक्षम नहीं बनाता, बल्कि उनके आत्मविश्वास, नेतृत्व क्षमता और सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा को भी सुदृढ़ करता है। परिणामस्वरूप, यह ग्रामीण विकास और लैंगिक समानता की दिशा में एक प्रभावी उपकरण सिद्ध होता है।

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सूक्ष्म वित्त, महिला सशक्तिकरण, आर्थिक स्वतंत्रता, सामाजिक भागीदारी, ग्रामीण विकास।

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Fake news proliferation is one of the most severe issues of the digital world, affecting community opinion and destabilizing trust in media and the process of democracy [1]. Conventional machine learning and shallow word representations like TF-IDF, word2vec, and GloVe have been found to have little success in the representation of the subtle semantics and contextual relationships of news articles [2]. The recent developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP), in particular contextual embedding models like BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, and DistilBERT, allow more comprehensive bidirectional interpretation of text, which makes them well-suited to fake news detection tasks [3], [4]. This paper performs an extensive study of the performance of these models on benchmark datasets, such as LIAR and FakeNewsNet that include both shorter political claims and longer news articles [5]. On the standard classification measures (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score and ROC-AUC) the models are tested. Results show that RoBERTa has the best overall performance with F1-score higher than other models whereas DistilBERT has faster inference with slight accuracy compromises [6]. The results demonstrate the significance of a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency of applications in the real world. The paper has the following contributions: it gives a comparative framework, identifies model-specific trade-offs, and provides insights into deploying contextual embeddings in a scalable fake news detection system [7].

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Fake News Detection, Contextual Embeddings, BERT, NLP, Deep Learning, Classification

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Objectives: In Ayurveda Ahara has more importance for the prevention of the diseases. In modern medicine system balanced diet is the first choice to cure and prevent the lifestyle disorders. In Ayurveda Shridhanyam is mentioned for consumption to avoid the lifestyle disorder which is the main cause of unhealthy society and population. It is also called as Millets. Methods: For younger population the risk of lifestyle starts from the school going age. Due to fast adaptation of western lifestyle the prevalence of these diseases reached to alarming proportions among Indians in the recent years. The main factors which are contributing the lifestyle diseases includes bad food habits like bakery products, junk food and ready to eat food items. Physical inactivity due to addiction of electronic gadgets, they play an important role in developing lifestyle disorder. Result: Mainly life style disorders include obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndromes etc. Ayurveda has provided many good options like food grains for healthy lifestyle. Indian Millets are good option for living a healthy n disease free life. It has Madhur Kashaya Rasa, Katu Vipaka, Ushna Virya and are Kapha Vata Shamak.Conclusion: Due to bruhaniya property it is useful in malnutrition, on contary Due to its laghu, ruksha guna it can be beneficial in obesity. In present paper properties n role of shridhanyam is explored for the management of lifestyle disorders.sss

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Shridhanyam, Lifestyle Disorder, Indian Millets

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Bihu is the pride of Assam as well as the soul of Assamese people. Dhol is the primary musical instrument in this Bihu. The mind and soul of Assamese people is thrilled by the booming sound of the Dhol and it has been playing significant role bearing its unique individual characteristics in the field of cultural harmony of various castes and tribes of Assam. It is akin to the Assamese people. It is a folk belief of the people of Assam that the promising youth full of creation should perform dances in the crop fields in order to pray for the increase of fertility of the soil of Mother Assam (Aai Axomi). The state Assam is considered as the mother by all the people in the state. The musical instruments play a significant role in this prayer and the dance performance. The identity of Dhol is being found distinctly in the ethnic groups of Assam, a field of harmony filled with different ethnicities and tribes. Some types of Dhol are - a) Jay Dhol, b) Dhepa Dhol, c) Bor Dhol, d) Pati Dhol etc. Moreover, the Dhols that have been prevailing among various tribes are being named with distinct names. (Duarah, 2009, pp. 72-74) In this research work it is being discussed about the origin and evolution of the folk Percussion instrument namely Dhol, its uses in the folk song Bihu Naam and the folk performing art form of Assam, i.e. Dholia Oja. This research paper is completed through descriptive and analytical methods with the help of primary and secondary sources and APA referencing style is followed. The main objectives of this research work are: - a) To study the origin of the instrument Dhol b) To study the rhythmic pattern of the instrument Dhol which are used in Bihu Naam. c) To study the uses of the instrument Dhol in Dholia Oja tradition of Assam and its various Components.

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Percussion, Dhol, Bihu Naam, Instrument, Bihu

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ABSTRACT Despite an increase in interest pertaining to the benefits of yoga practice, research focusing on the relationship between yoga practice and attention is limited. This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design to measure whether physical activity had an immediate effect on selective attention and mental concentration in young adults, aged 18 to25. More specifically, this study compared yoga and aerobic exercise classes to assess whether yoga practice improved attention beyond aerobic activity. The yoga and aerobic groups completed two surveys and the d2 Test of Attention at two observation points: immediately prior to and immediately following participation in their respective classes. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) found a statistically significant improvement between pre- and post-test scores on attention for both groups, with a greater improvement for the aerobic group. The findings show that physical activity had an immediate effect on the attention of the sample. Physical Education may provide the right direction and needed actions to improve the health of members of any community, society, nation and the world as a whole. An educational system encompassing the mental, emotional, social and physical dimensions of health becomes imperative to bring about all around development in children.

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ABSTRACT Despite an increase in interest pertaining to the benefits of yoga practice, research focusing on the relationship between yoga practice and attention is limited. This study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test design to measure whether physical activity had an immediate effect on selective attention and mental concentration in young adults, aged 18 to25. More specifically, this study compared yoga and aerobic exercise classes to assess whether yoga practice improved atten

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The principal aim of this paper is to prove apodictically that Seamus Heaney, the poet, critic and translator, is a problematologist and therefore questions permeates is oeuvre. This paper does also intend to asseverate that despite is auctorial design and determination to arrive at some sort of resolutions, revelations and "diamond absolutes" in his major works, Heaney has not devalued questions and questioning and so, therefore, most of his answers are problematological in their essential essence.

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Problematological, Foundationalism, Argumentation, Questioning, Oeuvre, Field Work, Heaney Scholars, Heaney Canon.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition