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UPI USAGE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG USERS IN EMERGING TIER-2 AND TIER-3 CITIES IN JHARKHAND
Authors
Muddita Sinha,Dr. Julius Aind,Dr. Ajay Kumar
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Keywords
Unified Payment Interface (UPI); Digital Financial Literacy; Tier-2 city; Tier-3 city; Digital Payment; Interface.
Abstract
Digital payment system has significantly impacted consumer behaviour and saving habits. The rolling out of Unified Payment Interface (UPI) has further overturned the traditional banking system and revolutionized India's Digital Payment Interface. The interface has witnessed substantial growth in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan cities but the adoption rates vary. This variation can be a consequence of less awareness and financial literacy. Though some studies have been conducted previously to assess the usage of UPI, it was mainly concentrated in regions with high human development index and robust tourism infrastructure. While regions of state like Jharkhand remain underexplored due to its recent formation, political instability and high poverty rates. Therefore, this present study was undertaken to determine the current UPI usage rate along with financial literacy (specifically digital financial literacy) levels, and the impact of financial literacy on UPI adoption rate among users in tier-2 and tier-3 cities of Jharkhand. Cities like Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Dhanbad are typically classified as tier-2 cities, while Hazaribagh, Medininagar (Daltonganj), Ramgarh and Giridih fall under the tier-3 list. The study is based on descriptive and exploratory research design. Primary data collected with the help of structured questionnaire from selected tier-2 and tier-3 cities of Jharkhand has been utilized for analysis. Methods like percentage analysis, mean, median and mode are used for interpretation of findings. Statistical tools like correlation and regression are also used. The research found that there is a positive correlation between financial literacy and use of UPI. However, trust issues, security concerns and lack of technical knowledge inhibit adoption among many. The respondents and survey takers have suggested that mandatory geo-tagging of locations of both sender and receiver of the payments and use of AI to filter out fraudulent payments can reduce risks related to security.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2606632
Paper ID - 310710
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - f901-f911
Pubished in - Volume 14 | Issue 6 | June 2026
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No Of Downloads - 45
Author Country - India, -, -, -, -, Commerce All
Publisher Name - IJPUBLICATION | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
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Muddita Sinha,Dr. Julius Aind,Dr. Ajay Kumar, "UPI USAGE AND FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG USERS IN EMERGING TIER-2 AND TIER-3 CITIES IN JHARKHAND", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.14, Issue 6, pp.f901-f911, June 2026, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2606632.pdf
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